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. 2025 Jul 29;17(7):e88954. doi: 10.7759/cureus.88954

Table 1. Summary of demographic characteristics.

 Parameters Overall  Amlodipine (n=2460) Amlodipine+ telmisartan  (n=2847) Amlodipine+ atenolol  (n=477) Amlodipine+ bisoprolol (n=639) Amlodipine+ metoprolol  (n=1356) Amlodipine+ chlorthalidone+ telmisartan (n=429) Amlodipine+ hydrochlorothiazide+ telmisartan (n=1557) Amlodipine+ hydrochlorothiazide+ olmesartan  (n=429)
Age, N (mean ±SD) 18-39 1,088 (33.91±4.45) 182 (32.9±4.9) 264 (34.5±4.2) 44 (34.6±3.9) 91 (34.4±3.8) 174 (33.5±4.6) 28 (34.7±3.1) 145 (34.6±3.8) 36 (34.2±5.0)
40-64 6,675 (52.96±6.86) 1513 (52.9±6.9) 1882 (53.0±6.8) 316 (53.2±6.8) 415 (52.8±6.8) 894 (52.8±7.0) 298 (52.9±6.9) 1079 (53.1±6.9) 278 (53.4±6.5)
≥ 65 2,431 (70.51±5.21) 641 (70.9±5.5) 701 (70.4±5.1) 117 (70.6±5.7) 133 (70.8±5.4) 288 (70.6±4.8) 103 (71.6±5.7) 333 (69.8±4.7) 115 (69.8±5.3)
Gender, n (%) Male 5,388 (52.85) 1334 (54.2) 1505 (52.9) 241 (50.5) 345 (54.0) 692 (51.0) 233 (54.3) 816 (52.4) 222 (51.7)
Comorbities, n (%) Dyslipidemia - 878 (35.69%) 1051 (36.92%) 160 (33.54%) 285 (44.60%) 550 (40.56%) 166 (38.69%) 572 (36.74%) 179 (41.72%)
DM - 816 (33.17%) 1306 (45.87%) 199 (41.72%) 222 (34.74%) 472 (34.81%) 183 (42.66%) 691 (44.38%) 197 (45.92%)
CKD - 243 (9.88%) 65 (2.28%) 27 (5.66%) 34 (5.32%) 98 (7.23%) 8 (1.86%) 14 (0.90%) 7 (1.63%)
CAD - 185 (7.52%) 165 (5.80%) 39 (8.18%) 68 (10.64%) 104 (7.67%) 25 (5.83%) 87 (5.59%) 30 (6.99%)
Dyslipidemia+DM - 419 (17.03%) 601 (21.11%) 87 (18.24%) 132 (20.66%) 265 (19.54%) 81 (18.88%) 320 (20.55%) 103 (24.01%)
Dyslipidemia+CKD - 85 (3.46%) 33 (1.16%) 15 (3.14%) 23 (3.60%) 45 (3.32%) 3 (0.70%) 10 (0.64%) 4 (0.93%)
Dyslipidemia+CAD - 150 (6.10%) 120 (4.21%) 30 (6.29%) 54 (8.45%) 88 (6.49%) 18 (4.20%) 69 (4.43%) 22 (5.13%)
DM+CKD - 72 (2.93%) 30 (1.05%) 9 (1.89%) 17 (2.66%) 44 (3.24%) 7 (1.63%) 12 (0.77%) 3 (0.70%)
  DM+CAD - 79 (3.21%) 75 (2.63%) 18 (3.77%) 24 (3.76%) 47 (3.47%) 9 (2.10%) 33 (2.12%) 13 (3.03%)
CAD+CKD - 22 (0.89%) 7 (0.25%) 2 (0.42%) 7 (1.10%) 10 (0.74%) 1 (0.23%) 3 (0.19%) 1 (0.23%)
Dyslipidemia+DM+CKD - 38 (1.54%) 18 (0.63%) 8 (1.68%) 13 (2.03%) 27 (1.99%) 3 (0.70%) 8 (0.51%) 2 (0.47%)
Dyslipidemia+DM+CAD - 66 (2.68%) 57 (2.00%) 16 (3.35%) 21 (3.29%) 43 (3.17%) 7 (1.63%) 29 (1.86%) 11 (2.56%)
Dyslipidemia+CAD+CKD   17 (0.69%) 5 (0.18%) 2 (0.42%) 5 (0.78%) 8 (0.59%)   2 (0.13%) 1 (0.23%)
DM+CAD+CKD   9 (0.37%) 5 (0.18%) 1 (0.21%) 3 (0.47%) 7 (0.52%) 1 (0.23%) 3 (0.19%)  
Dyslipidemia + DM + CAD + CKD   8 (0.33%) 3 (0.11%) 1 (0.21%) 3 (0.47%) 6 (0.44%)   2 (0.13%)