Table 3.

Type of mentor training, outcomes, inputs, and statistical tests

Study	Mentor/Mentee training offered	Outcome variables	Input variables	Statistical tests
Behar-Horenstein 2017		Career advancement (e.g., promotion, tenure and leadership roles); research career (e.g., continuing work in research roles)	N/A	N/A
Behar-Horenstein 2019	Workshops/ seminars, mentor academy or master mentor	Six MCA constructs/26 specific skills (items), overall quality of mentoring, meeting of mentee’s expectations	Gender and rank (associate vs. assistant vs. full professor)	Percentages, means, effect sizes, p-values, paired-samples t test, MANOVA, Wilcoxon test
Bonilha 2019	University of Wisconsin Program (Entering Mentoring)	Satisfaction with department support and commitment to institution, career advancement (e.g., promotion, tenure and leadership roles), research career (e.g., continuing work in research roles)	Have mentor (Yes/No), gender (Male/Female) knowledge of promotion criteria (Yes/No)	Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, Mantel-Haenszel chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, multivariable logistic regression model
Feldman 2009	Workshops/ seminars	Mentoring skills, career satisfaction, confidence in mentoring skills	N/A	Averages, standard deviation and percent of pre and post skills confidence, paired t-tests, p-values, open coding for qualitative data
Feldman 2012	Workshops/ seminars	Frequency of the application of knowledge, attitude, or skills obtained, career satisfaction, confidence in mentoring skills, ability to assist mentees, grant related outcomes	N/A	Averages, standard deviation and percent
Martina 2014	Workshops/ seminars, online training, training as dyads or triads	N/A	N/A	Counts and percentages
McGee 2023	Workshops/ seminars, University of Wisconsin Program (Entering Mentoring)	Mentoring skills, intended behavior changes, overall satisfaction, perceived value of mentor training	NA	Descriptives, Cronbach’s alpha, paired t-tests, Cohen’s D
Nearing 2020	Workshops/ seminars, training as dyads or triads	Self-reported levels of experience and confidence in mentorship-related skills	N/A	Paired samples t tests
Patino 2017		Mentor pair communication, mentor pair success in meeting program goals, completing a community- engaged activity within the program, grant related outcomes, research career (e.g., continuing work in research roles)	N/A	N/A
Pfund 2013	Workshops/ seminars, University of Wisconsin Program (Entering Mentoring)	Six MCA constructs/26 specific skills (items)	N/A	Basic descriptive analysis (counts, percentages, means), paired t-tests of the post minus retrospective scores
Pfund 2014	Workshops/ seminars, University of Wisconsin Program (Entering Mentoring)	Six MCA constructs/26 specific skills (items)	N/A	Wilcoxon rank-sum test, mean group difference, p-values, chi-square tests
Robinson 2016		Mid-Career challenges and successes	NA	Counts, percentages
Schweitzer 2019	Workshops/ seminars, training as dyads or triads, other	Six MCA constructs/26 specific skills (items)	N/A	Paired t-tests, means
Spence 2018	Workshops/ seminars, online training, other	Six MCA constructs/26 specific skills (items), research career (e.g., continuing work in research roles)	Financial, senior faculty mentors, grant specialists, biostatisticians, mentoring toolkits, career development and mentoring workshops	Counts, percentages, means, and paired t-tests
Trejo 2022	Workshops/ seminars, University of Wisconsin Program (Entering Mentoring)	Mentoring quality, mentoring behaviors, institutional climate, six MCA constructs/26 specific skills (items), supportive environment for women and UR, morale	N/A	Means and percent, Mann–Whitney U test, Fisher’s exact test (two-tailed)
Weber-Main 2019	Workshops/ seminars, online training	Perceived skills gains, intentions to change mentoring behaviors, implemented changes in mentoring behaviors	N/A	Two-sample t-tests, paired t-tests, p-values

*MCA = Mentoring Competency Assessment.