. 2025 Aug 15;12:1635587. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2025.1635587

Table 3.

Echocardiographic outcomes following MVr (preoperative vs. postoperative comparisons) $[\bar{x} \pm s]$ .

Variable	Preoperative	Time of discharge	3 months postoperatively	6 months postoperatively	F-value	P-value
LVEDD (mm)	45.81 ± 4.17	47.67 ± 5.27^a^,^c^,^d	44.21 ± 2.39^a^,^b^,^d	43.26 ± 1.60^a^,^b^,^c	29.44	<0.05
LAESD (mm)	49.42 ± 5.43	43.07 ± 4.22^a	42.47 ± 3.80^a	41.75 ± 4.56^a	93.37	<0.05
E-wave velocity (m/s)	2.03 ± 0.56	1.43 ± 0.37^a	1.44 ± 0.27^a	1.44 ± 0.23^a	51.53	<0.05
LVEF (%)	53.89 ± 6.70	59.47 ± 5.25^a^,^c	61.49 ± 4.09^a^,^b^,^d	58.94 ± 4.68^a^,^c	27.97	<0.05
LVEDV (ml)	113.6 ± 23.18	107.87 ± 26.67	108.17 ± 19.70	127.86 ± 159.90	0.74	<0.05
MVOA (cm²)	1.18 ± 0.43	2.41 ± 0.41^a^,^c^,^d	2.33 ± 0.40^a^,^b^,^d	2.23 ± 0.40^a^,^b^,^c	309.38	<0.05
PHT (ms)	212.86 ± 88.33	95.46 ± 16.87^a^,^c^,^d	99.56 ± 16.78^a^,^b^,^d	104.42 ± 16.13^a^,^b^,^c	123.59	<0.05
MPG (mmHg)	11.76 ± 6.42	3.21 ± 1.39^a^,^d	3.35 ± 1.18^a^,^d	3.83 ± 1.10^a^,^b^,^c	118.5	<0.05

^{^a}

Comparison within group: compared with preoperative time point (P < 0.05).

^{^b}

Comparison within group: compared with discharge (P < 0.05).

^{^c}

Comparison within group: compared with 3-month postoperative time point (P < 0.05).

^{^d}

Comparison within group: compared with 6-month postoperative time point (P < 0.05).

LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LAESD, end-systolic diameter of left atrium; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; MVOA, mitral valve orifice area; PHT, pressure half-time; MPG, mean pressure gradient.