. 2025 Aug 15;12:1635587. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2025.1635587

Table 4.

Comparison of cardiac ultrasound indices between the two groups [ $\bar{x} \pm s$ , n (%), M (P₂₅, P₇₅)].

Variable	Groups	Preoperative	Time of discharge	3 months postoperatively	6 months postoperatively
LAESD (mm)	Control group	52.36 ± 6.25	46.53 ± 5.65	46.03 ± 4.51	44.67 ± 4.83
	Observation group	49.42 ± 5.43	43.07 ± 4.22	42.47 ± 3.80	41.75 ± 4.56
	t/Z value	3.182	5.865	5.386	2.233
	P-value	<0.05^a	<0.05^a	<0.05^a	<0.05^a
LVEF (%)	Control group	59.88 ± 7.20	60.43 ± 5.75	60.66 ± 5.54	60.76 ± 6.28
	Observation group	57.89 ± 6.70	59.47 ± 5.25	61.49 ± 4.09	58.94 ± 4.68
	t/Z value	5.384	1.098	−1.063	2.049
	P-value	>0.05^a	>0.05^a	>0.05^a	<0.05^a
LVEDV (ml)	Control group	115.96 ± 31.01	131 (113.25, 143.25)	115.67 ± 18.40	100.00 (88, 113)
	Observation group	107.87 ± 26.67	107.87 ± 26.67	108.17 ± 19.70	127.86 ± 159.90
	t/Z value	−1.803	−4.174	2.525	−4.6
	P-value	>0.05^a	<0.05^b	<0.05^a	>0.05^b
LVEDD (mm)	Control group	46.10 ± 5.17	49.97 ± 4.20	46.93 ± 3.56	44.66 ± 3.05
	Observation group	45.81 ± 4.17	47.67 ± 5.27	44.21 ± 2.39	43.26 ± 1.60
	t/Z value	−1.926	6.353	5.586	3.524
	P-value	>0.05^a	<0.05^a	<0.05^a	<0.05^a
LVPWd (mm)	Control group	9 (8,10)	10 (9,10)	10 (9,10)	10 (9,10)
	Observation group	10 (9,10)	9 (9,10)	9 (8,10)	9 (8,10)
	t/Z value	−1.03	−1.492	−4.529	−3.208
	P-value	>0.05^b	>0.05^b	<0.05^b	<0.05^b
E-wave velocity (m/s)	Control group	2.13 ± 0.49	1.8(1.50,2)	1.74 ± 0.42	1.67(1.4,1.99)
	Observation group	2.03 ± 0.56	1.43 ± 0.37	1.44 ± 0.27	1.44 ± 0.23
	t/Z value	1.269	−5.143	5.181	−4.482
	P-value	>0.05^a	<0.05^b	<0.05^a	<0.05^b

^{^a}

t-test.

^{^b}

Wilcoxon test.

LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LAESD, end-systolic diameter of left atrium; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameters; LVPWd, left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastole.