Heat stability, pH stability, and stability under drying conditions for purified SAP. SAP was exposed to various temperatures for 20 min (A), to various pH values at 4°C for 2 h (B), and to heated-air drying conditions imitating the conditions used in the Porphyra manufacturing process (C). (A and B) Symbols: •, anti-Pythium activities in 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer; ○, anti-Pythium activities in McIlvaine buffer. (C) The bars indicate the activities of SAP incubated under different conditions (see Materials and Methods). The numbers above the bars show the percentages of activity compared with the activity of the untreated control (solid bars). The data and error bars represent means and standard deviations for triplicate assays.