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. 2025 Aug 18;16(36):16483–16510. doi: 10.1039/d5sc03309h

Table 3. Solar steam generation performances of plasmonic metal nitride-based absorbers.

Absorber Evaporation rate (kg m−2 h−1) Efficiency (%) Solar density (sun) Ref.
TiN/bio-carbon foam 1.47 92.5 1 83
TiN/AAO 1.10 78.0 1 84
ZrN/AAO 1.27 88.0 1 84
HfN/AAO 1.36 95.0 1 84
TiN/ceramic fiber wool 80.0 1 85
TiN/AAO 92.0 1 86
Thermally insulated TiN/PVDF 1.34 84.5 1 87
TiN nanocavity arrays 15.00 76.0 14 88
TiN/nanoporous AAO ∼1.61 87.7 1.21 89
TiN/semi-rGO 1.76 99.1 1 52
TiN/PVA 3.80 95.3 1 186
TiN@PVA/PVDF 0.94 64.1 1 182
TiN/PVDF 1.01 66.7 1 187
Porous TiN nanospheres 1.68 93.4 1 188
Hierarchical TiN nanotube mesh 3.40 ∼85.4 2.5 183
TiN/polyimide aerogel 2.97 94.5 1 189
MoS2/Mo5N6/C-aerogel 1.89 73.3 1 190