Table 3:

Causes of childhood HTN by ag

	Renal	Others
Newborn	Renal parenchymal disease:  Autosomal recessive and dominant polycystic kidney disease  Renal dysplasia  Renovascular disease (such as thrombosis of renal artery or vein)	Cardiac causes such as coarctation of aorta Bronchopulmonary dysplasia Post ECMO
Children	Renal parenchymal disease:  Acute glomerulonephritis  Hemolytic uremic syndrome  Urinary tract infections  Reflux nephropathy Renovascular disease (renal artery stenosis/renal vein thrombosis)	Coarctation of aorta Monogenic HTN Wilms tumor Neuroblastoma Primary HTN
Adolescents	Renal parenchymal disease Renovascular disease (similar causes for children)	Primary HTN Coarctation of aorta Endocrine causes, including Cushing’s syndrome, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, pheochromocytoma Drug-induced including glucocorticoids, calcineurin inhibitor, sympathomimetics (salbutamol, aminophylline), growth hormone, decongestants, stimulants, antidepressants, hormonal contraceptives, substance abuse (cocaine, MDMA/ecstasy)

HTN: Hypertension, ECMO: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, MDMA: 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine