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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Apr 10.
Published in final edited form as: Autism. 2025 Apr 10;29(7):1835–1848. doi: 10.1177/13623613251328463

Table 1.

Baseline Demographic Information

Intervention Control Total

n (%) n (%) n (%)

Child Sex: Female 26 (21.8) 21 (19.1%) 47 (20.5%)
Child Race/Ethnicity**
 Asian 6 (5.0%) 5 (4.5%) 11 (4.8%)
 Biracial 8 (6.7%) 6 (5.5%) 14 (6.1%)
 Black/African American 13 (10.9%) 21 (19.1%) 34 (14.8%)
 Latinx 16 (13.4%) 13 (11.8%) 29 (12.7%)
 Other 11 (9.2%) 8 (7.3%) 19(8.3%)
 White/Caucasian 61 (51.3%) 56 (50.9%) 117 (51.1%)
 Missing 4 (3.4%) 1 (0.9%) 5 (2.2%)
Language level
 No words 42 (35.3%) 37 (33.6%) 80 (34.9%)
 1–5 words 36 (30.3%) 38 (34.5%) 74 (32.3%)
 Single words 19 (16.0%) 11 (10.0%) 30 (13.1%)
 Occasional phrases 5 (4.2%) 11 (10.0%) 16 (7.0%)
 2+ word utterances 12(10.0%) 8 (7.3%) 19 (8.3)
 3+ word utterances 3 (2.5%) 3 (2.7%) 6 (2.6%)
 Complex speech 2 (1.6%) 2 (1.8%) 4 (1.8%)
Interactant/Caregiver Sex: Female 104 (87.4%) 97 (88.2%) 201 (87.8%)
Interactant/Caregiver Education
 < Bachelor’s degree 62 (52.1%) 53 (48.2%) 115 (50.2%)
 Missing 7 (5.9%) 6 (5.4%) 13 (5.7%)

M (SD) M (SD) M (SD)

Child Age (months)** 32.68 (12.14) 32.33 (12.40) 32.51 (12.24)
NVIQ** 76.94 (23.84) 76.74 (20.38) 76.84 (22.20)
CSS-SA 7.14 (1.98) 7.51 (1.96) 7.19 (1.86)
CSS-RRB* 7.54 (1.77) 7.51 (1.87) 7.32 (1.97)
BOSCC-SC 27.37 (7.64) 28.03 (7.66) 27.68 (7.63)
BOSCC-RRB 6.41 (3.04) 5.92 (2.54) 6.17 (2.81)
Interactant/Caregiver Age (years) a 35.23 (6.53) 34.18 (6.73) 34.73 (6.63)

Note. Significant differences

**

<0.01

*

<0.05 emerged from Chi-Square or ANOVA tests.

a

Caregiver age was missing for 18 caregivers in the intervention group and 19 in the control group.