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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Apr 10.
Published in final edited form as: Autism. 2025 Apr 10;29(7):1835–1848. doi: 10.1177/13623613251328463

Table 4.

Bivariate Growth Curve Model with Direct Intervention Effects on Change from Baseline (slope) for the MONSI-CC and the BOSCC and Indirect Intervention Effect on the BOSCC via the MONSI-CC (parameter labels in square parentheses correspond to Figure 3)

Caregiver MONSI-CC Scores Child BOSCC Social Communication Scores
Estimate 95% CI p-value Estimate 95% CI p-value

Coefficient
Intercept factor variance 1.0 1.0
Intercept loading 5.67 4.18 to7.16 <.001 3.41 2.71 to 4.12 <.001
Error variance 93.0 19.3
Intervention effect per month 1.99 [a1] 0.97 to 3.01 <.001 −0.15
[c’1]
−0.66 to 0.36 0.561
Caregiver on child −0.12 [b1] −0.18 to −0.05 <.001

Baseline/Intercept covariates
ADOS CSS −0.12 −0.25 to 0.00 .056 0.13 0.02 to 0.24 .021
Language level 0.18 −0.05 to 0.41 0.127 −0.66 −0.90 to −0.42 <.001
Nonverbal IQ 0.27 −0.06 to 0.60 0.114 −0.50 −0.80 to −0.21 .001
Age 1.69 −2.33 to 5.71 0.410 −1.66 −5.09 to 1.77 0.343
ESDM Study 2.10 12.5 to 2.94 <.001 1.22 0.59 to 1.84 <.001
JASPER Study 1.38 0.36 to 2.40 .008 1.03 0.17 to 1.88 .019

Note. MONSI-CC = Measure of NDBI Strategy Implementation-Caregiver Change; BOSCC = Brief Observation of Social Communication Change.

a

MONSI-CC and BOSCC Baseline/Intercept correlation −0.49; [a1][b1][c’1] are parameters shown on Figure 3.