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. 2025 Aug 29;21(9):e70625. doi: 10.1002/alz.70625

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© 2025 The Author(s). Alzheimer's & Dementia published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Associations of demographic variables and biomarkers with progression from cognitively unimpaired to mild cognitive impairment stratified by APOE ε4 carrier status. Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) estimates are from Cox proportional hazards models fit separately within the MCSA and BioFINDER cohorts. The base model included age, sex, education, and APOE ε4 carrier status. PET and plasma biomarkers were added to the base model, one biomarker at a time, and additional models were fit with the base model plus Aβ42/40 and %p‐tau217 (or p‐tau217). All models included interactions with APOE and the other predictor variables in the model. The interaction P values are shown above, indicating if the associations were significantly different among APOE ε4 carriers versus non‐carriers. Aβ, amyloid beta; APOE, apolipoprotein E; APS2, Amyloid Probability Score 2; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; MCSA, Mayo Clinic Study of Aging; PET, positron emission tomography; p‐tau, phosphorylated tau.