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. 2025 Aug 29;15:31910. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-16932-3

Table 2.

Comparison of Existing and Proposed System.

Parameter Existing system Proposed system
Accuracy Lower 95%
Final training loss Higher 0.1832
Validation loss Higher 0.1541
Time complexity Moderate Lower
Epochs Higher 10
Interpretability Moderate High
Convergence speed Slower Faster
Overfitting risk Higher Lower (with dropout)
Robustness Lower Higher
Generalization Lower Higher