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. 2025 Aug 29;15:31910. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-16932-3

Table 3.

Comparison of synthetic dataset vs. real-world dataset (NSL-KDD/CICIDS2017).

Metric Synthetic dataset Real-world dataset (NSL-KDD/CICIDS2017)
Accuracy (%) 85.00% 95.00%
Precision (%) 84.20% 94.50%
Recall (%) 83.50% 95.20%
F1-Score (%) 83.80% 94.80%
AUC-ROC Score 0.89 0.97
Training Loss 0.31 0.1832
Validation Loss 0.29 0.1541
Time Complexity (Training Time) Moderate Lower
Epochs for Convergence 20 epochs 10 epochs
Overfitting Risk Moderate Lower (with Dropout)
Robustness to Noise/Attacks Moderate High