Table 1. Study socioeconomic position characteristics of PrEP users by provision pathway, 20 European countries, October 2023–April 2024 (n = 7,505).

Variable	Governmental pathways (n = 6,671)		Non-governmental pathways (n = 834)		Total sample (n = 7,505)
Variable	n	%	n	%	N	%	p value
Age (years)
Median (P25–P75)	40	33–47	41	33–49	40	33–48	0.384
18–24	276	4.1	42	5.0	318	4.2
25–29	719	10.8	91	10.9	810	10.8
30–39	2,298	34.4	239	28.7	2,537	33.8
40–49	1,854	27.8	247	29.6	2,101	28.0
50–59	984	14.8	137	16.4	1,121	14.9
60–69	281	4.2	36	4.3	317	4.2
≥ 70	259	3.9	42	5.0	301	4.0
Education
I do not have a high school diploma	105	1.6	15	1.8	120	1.6	0.512
Secondary education (high school or equivalent)	1,542	23.1	187	22.4	1,729	23.0
Bachelor’s degree (university or equivalent)	2,098	31.4	263	31.5	2,361	31.5
Master’s degree (university or equivalent)	2,478	37.1	300	36.0	2,778	37.0
PhD / Doctorate	448	6.7	69	8.3	517	6.9
Employment
Employed	5,447	81.7	651	78.1	6,098	81.3	0.029
Other	392	5.9	48	5.8	440	5.9
Retired/medical leave	221	3.3	32	3.8	253	3.4
Student	350	5.2	54	6.5	404	5.4
Unemployed	261	3.9	49	5.9	310	4.1
Perceived income
Living really comfortably on present income	589	8.8	61	7.3	650	8.7	0.006
Living comfortably on present income	2,600	39.0	361	43.3	2,961	39.5
Neither comfortable nor struggling on present income	2,290	34.3	275	33.0	2,565	34.2
Struggling on present income	855	12.8	82	9.8	937	12.5
Really struggling on present income	337	5.1	55	6.6	392	5.2
Migration background
Non-migrant	4,219	63.2	572	68.6	4,791	63.8	< 0.001
First-generation migrant	1,840	27.6	177	21.2	2,017	26.9
Second-generation migrant	612	9.2	85	10.2	697	9.3
Oral PrEP reimbursement status
Fully reimbursed^a	2,891	43.3	547	65.6	3,438	45.8	< 0.001
Partially reimbursed^b	2,860	42.9	167	20.0	3,027	40.3
Not reimbursed^c	920	13.8	120	14.4	1,040	13.9

PrEP: pre-exposure prophylaxis.

^a People can access PrEP without paying a copayment.

^b People can access PrEP with copayment was assigned.

^c People can only access PrEP out-of-pocket.