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. 2025 Aug 28;30(34):2500605. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.34.2500605

Table. Sabin-like poliovirus type 1 variant and vaccine-derived poliovirus type 1 detections in wastewater surveillance, Israel, October 2024–March 2025 (n = 27 sampling sites).

Sampling site Estimation of population size Epidemiological weeks
2024 2025
Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
North district
El-Hamra 22,120 neg neg neg neg neg
Zafed 39,000 neg neg neg neg neg neg neg V neg
Haifa 741,050 neg Neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg
Acrea 172,800 neg neg neg neg
Tiberiasa 47,000 neg neg neg neg neg
Maale Erona 155,900 neg neg
Central district
Netania 303,000 neg neg neg neg V neg neg
Shafdan 2,401,000 neg neg neg neg V V neg V
Ayalon 367,000 neg neg neg V neg neg V
Drom HaSharona 82,450 neg neg neg neg neg neg
Kfar Sabaa 168,000 neg neg neg neg neg V V V
Elada 51,400 neg neg neg neg neg V
Bnei Braka 50,300 V neg neg neg neg V
Rishon LeZiona 269,800 neg neg neg neg neg neg neg
Ramle Loda 187,800 neg neg neg neg
Modiin-Illita 83,700 neg V neg neg neg neg
Jerusalem district
Kidron 301,600 V V V V V VDPV1 neg neg V V
Jerusalem Og 213,000 neg neg neg V V V V V neg VDPV1
Jerusalem Sorek B 669,094 neg Neg V neg neg V neg neg neg V neg neg
Beit Shemesh 193,900 V b neg V V V V V V V V V VDPV1
Jerusalem Refaim Ba 464,000 neg neg neg neg neg neg neg
South district
Beer-Sheva 290,700 neg neg neg neg neg neg neg
Rahat 83,700 neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg
Arara 21,000 neg neg neg neg neg neg neg
Ashkelon 169,500 neg neg neg neg neg neg neg
Ashdod 231,200 neg neg neg neg neg V V neg
Dimonaa 42,000 neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg

neg: negative; SL1: Sabin-like poliovirus type 1; V: SL1 variant; VDPV: vaccine-derived poliovirus.

a These sites were gradually incorporated into routine surveillance and may not have been sampled earlier in the study period. The first result provided corresponds to the initial sampling event where a result (negative or positive) was recorded at the newly sampled location.

b Indicates a pre-SL1 variant identified via ONT sequencing (see section ‘Whole genome sequencing broadens genetic links among SL1 isolates’).

Detections in sampling sites are marked with ‘neg’ (sampled but no SL1 variant detected), bold ‘V’ (SL1 variant detected) or ‘VDPV1’ (SL1 variant detected and identified as VDPV1, with > 10 VP1 mutations per GPEI guidelines [8]). Sites with SL1 or VDPV1 variant detections are indicated with blue shading. Estimated population size is listed for each site.