Table 2.
Clinical characteristics, laboratory values, and outcomes of the study population
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Demographics | |
| Age, years | 58 (51–68) |
| Female sex, n (%) | 18 (41.9) |
| Type of Admission | |
| Medical, n (%) | 15 (34.9) |
| Surgical, n (%) | 16 (37.2) |
| Trauma, n (%) | 12 (27.9) |
| Sepsis on Admission | 2 (4.6) |
| Clinical Characteristics | |
| Body mass index, kg/m² | 26.5 (25.3–28.8) |
| Glasgow Coma Scale on admission | 13.0 (6.5–15.0) |
| SOFA score | 7 (3 − 9) |
| APACHE II score | 12.0 (8.0–17.5) |
| Renal replacement therapy, n (%) | 2 (4.7) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 13 (30.2) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 14 (32.6) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 3 (7.0) |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 3 (7.0) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%) | 2 (4.6) |
| Chronic renal failure, n (%) | 1 (2.3) |
| Hemodynamics | |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 80 (70–93) |
| Mean arterial pressure, mmHg | 80 (75–89) |
| Vasopressor administration, n (%) | 27 (62.8) |
| Fluid balance, ml | 1500 (1045–2325) |
| Ventilation | |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 30 (69.8) |
| Inspired oxygen fraction (%) | 40 (35–50) |
| High-flow oxygen therapy, n (%) | 3 (7.0) |
| Respiratory rate, breaths/min | 23 (19–25) |
| Arterial Blood Gases | |
| PaO₂, mmHg | 115 (90.5–129.5) |
| PaCO₂, mmHg | 37.0 (35.1–40.0) |
| pH | 7.35 (7.32–7.38) |
| Serum lactate, mmol/l | 1.2 (1.0–1.9) |
| Laboratory Values | |
| White blood cell count, cells/µl | 11,090 (8,965–15,975) |
| Platelet count, ×10³/µl | 205 (145–285) |
| Hematocrit, % | 32.9 (28.1–36.6) |
| INR | 1.08 (1.00–1.17) |
| APTT, seconds | 29.5 (27.4–34.2) |
| Glucose, mg/dl | 123 (99–156) |
| Urea, mg/dl | 26 (20–38) |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 0.7 (0.6–0.9) |
| Sodium, mEq/l | 141 (138 − 145) |
| Potassium, mEq/l | 4.3 (4.0–4.5) |
| Albumin, g/dl | 3.4 (3.0–3.9) |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dl | 0.46 (0.35–0.77) |
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/l | 24 (15–38) |
| Aspartate aminotransferase, U/l | 29 (16–45) |
| Creatine phosphokinase, U/l | 169 (56–646) |
| Troponin, ng/l | 21 (8 − 100) |
| C-reactive protein, mg/dl | 7.2 (2.05–16.15) |
| Procalcitonin, ng/ml | 0.29 (0.09–0.68) |
| Thyroid stimulating hormone, µIU/ml | 0.94 (0.48–2.14) |
| Cytokines on Admission | |
|
IL-6, pg/ml IL-10, pg/ml |
41.8 (19.5-119.3) 16.1 (13.4–26.4) |
| Outcomes | |
| Sepsis, n (%) | 6 (23.3) |
| ICU length of stay, days | 14.0 (7.0–33.5) |
| Days on mechanical ventilation | 10.0 (0.0–22.0) |
| ICU survival, n (%) | 34 (79.1) |
Data are presented as medians (interquartile ranges) or numbers (percentages), unless otherwise indicated. Variables with a normal distribution are presented as the means ± standard deviations. The level of TNF-α was below the detection limit in all patients. APACHE II = acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II; APTT = activated partial thromboplastin time; ICU = intensive care unit; IL = interleukin; INR = international normalized ratio; PaO2 = partial pressure of oxygen; PaCO2 = partial pressure of carbon dioxide; SOFA = sequential organ failure assessment