Table 4.
Factors associated with NAFLD among patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus having regular follow-up at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| Variable | NAFLD | COR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present | Absent | ||||
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 39 (37.9) | 64 (62.1) | 1 | 1 | — |
| Female | 63 (58.3) | 45 (41.7) | 2.30 (1.32, 3.99) | 2.27 (1.17, 4.41)∗ | 0.016 |
| Age category | |||||
| ≤ 40 years | 12 (60.0) | 8 (40.0) | 2.39 (0.86, 6.60) | 1.95 (0.56, 6.77) | 0.291 |
| 41–50 years | 27 (55.1) | 22 (44.9) | 1.96 (0.93, 4.10) | 1.34 (0.54, 3.37) | 0.527 |
| 51–60 years | 36 (50.0) | 36 (50.0) | 1.59 (0.82, 3.10) | 1.61 (0.74, 3.51) | 0.227 |
| > 60 years | 27 (38.6) | 43 (61.4) | 1 | 1 | — |
| Body mass index | |||||
| 18.5–24.9 | 35 (38.5) | 56 (61.5) | 1 | 1 | — |
| 25–29.9 | 43 (50.0) | 43 (50.0) | 1.60 (0.88, 2.91) | 1.36 (0.69, 2.69) | 0.369 |
| ≥ 30 | 24 (70.6) | 10 (29.4) | 3.84 (1.64, 8.98) | 6.13 (2.15, 17.46)∗∗ | 0.001 |
| Antihypertensive medication | |||||
| Yes | 50 (43.5) | 65 (56.5) | 1 | 1 | — |
| No | 52 (54.2) | 44 (45.8) | 1.54 (0.89, 2.65) | 1.47 (0.76, 2.86) | 0.256 |
| Antidiabetic agent route | |||||
| Orals | 75 (52.1) | 69 (47.9) | 1.26 (0.63, 2.52) | 1.77 (0.77, 4.04) | 0.178 |
| Injectable | 8 (30.8) | 18 (69.2) | 0.52 (0.18, 1.45) | 0.44 (1.12, 5.21) | 0.185 |
| Both | 19 (46.3) | 22 (53.7) | 1 | 1 | — |
| Preprandial blood glucose | |||||
| ≤ 130 mg/dL | 29 (40.8) | 43 (59.2) | 1 | 1 | — |
| > 130 mg/dL | 73 (52.5) | 66 (47.5) | 1.64 (0.92, 2.92) | 1.68 (0.84, 3.36) | 0.139 |
| Alanine transaminase | |||||
| Normal | 76 (44.7) | 94 (55.3) | 1 | 1 | — |
| Elevated | 26 (63.4) | 15 (36.6) | 2.14 (1.06, 4.33) | 2.14 (0.89, 5.17) | 0.091 |
| AST-to-ALT ratio | |||||
| ≤ 1 | 62 (52.5) | 56 (47.5) | 1.47 (0.85, 2.54) | 1.50 (0.78, 2.90) | |
| > 1 | 40 (43.0) | 53 (57.0) | 1 | 1 | 0.225 |
| Total cholesterol | — | ||||
| Normal | 80 (45.7) | 95 (54.3) | 1 | 1 | |
| Borderline | 12 (66.7) | 8 (33.3) | 1.78 (0.69, 4.57) | 0.87 (0.27, 2.76) | 0.810 |
| High | 10 (62.5) | 6 (37.5) | 1.98 (0.69, 5.68) | 1.06 (0.32, 3.44) | 0.928 |
| Triglyceride cholesterol | |||||
| Normal | 37 (35.2) | 68 (64.8) | 1 | 1 | — |
| Borderline | 29 (67.4) | 14 (32.6) | 3.81 (1.79, 8.08) | 3.22 (1.36, 7.58)∗∗ | 0.008 |
| High | 36 (57.1) | 27 (42.9) | 2.45 (1.29, 4.65) | 2.29 (1.03, 5.10)∗ | 0.042 |
Note: Only variables with p value < 0.25 in the bivariable regression are depicted here. 1: reference category. The bold entries represent the exact significance values (p values) themselves.
∗ p <0.05 and ∗∗p <0.01.