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. 2025 Aug 18;12:1554603. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2025.1554603

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© 2025 Shakya, Zhang, Wen, Wen and Cheng.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Person in pink clothing demonstrating different exercises on a mat indoors. Panel A: Stretching leg upward. Panel B: Standing side view. Panel C: Squatting. Panel D: Lying on back with legs apart. Panel E: Legs apart against a wall. Panel F: Lying face down with one leg bent. — (A) Hip joint straight leg raising (B) Hip joint extension in standing position. (C) Complete squatting with flexion of hip joint. (D) Hip abduction in supine position. (E) Normal Internal rotation (F) Normal external rotation and abduction.