Table 2.

Factors significantly associated with saliva cortisol concentrations the night prior to transportation (T-1) and after transport (T1).

Outcome variable	Explanatory factor(s)	Significance P=	Effect size
T-1 Cortisol concentration
	Travel history	0.029	Nil/unknown 12.8 (8.2–17.4), occ/freq 7.9 (5.8–9.9) nmol/L**
T1 Cortisol concentration
	Waypoint temperature	<0.001	rs = 0.572
	Arrival temperature	0.002	rs = 0.535
	Waypoint humidity	<0.001	rs = −0.585
	Arrival humidity	0.001	rs = −0.569
	Distance traveled	0.002	rs = −0.533
	Duration of travel	0.004	rs = −0.514
	Time of arrival	0.011	rs = −0.457
	Time of sampling	0.018	rs = −0.428
	Interval btw arrival & sampling	0.002	rs = 0.535
	Trip	<0.001	Trip 8 16.2 (13.0–19.0), other trips 5.8 (4.5–9.5) nmol/L*
	Sweat score	<0.001	rs = 0.653
	Abnormal demeanour	0.005	rs = 0.497

*Median (IQR); **Mean (95% CI). occ, occasional; freq, frequent; btw, between; IQR, interquartile range (non-parametric data); 95% CI, 95% confidence interval (parametric data). Interactions between continuous explanatory data with continuous outcomes data were explored by Pearson (parametric) or Spearman (non-parametric) correlation; effects of categorical explanatory factors on continuous data were explored by analysis of variance or t-test (or non-parametric equivalent, as appropriate), and effects of categorical explanatory data on categorical outcomes were evaluated using Spearman correlation. No significant interactions were observed for salivary cortisol concentrations immediately prior to departure (T0).