Table 2.
Participant baseline characteristics (N = 11).
| Case | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | Median (Q1, Q3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Success Referral | US | US | SR | SR | US | SR | US | SR | SR | US | SR | |
| Age | 76 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 68 | 63 | 66 | 57 | 73 | 54 | 68 | 68 (63, 69) |
| Body height (cm) | 145.0 | 149.0 | 163.0 | 146.0 | 156.0 | 163.0 | 151.0 | 158.0 | 155.0 | 158.0 | 154.0 | 155 (150, 158) |
| Body weight (Kg) | 44.1 | 45.8 | 56.4 | 46.4 | 51.6 | 63.4 | 61.4 | 54 | 35.1 | 61.5 | 49 | 51.6 (46.1, 58.9) |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 21 | 20.6 | 21.2 | 21.8 | 21.2 | 23.9 | 26.9 | 21.6 | 14.6 | 24.6 | 20.7 | 21.2 (20.9, 22.9) |
| Osteoporosis | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| T-score (overall) | −3.8 | −4.5 | −3.3 | −3.3 | −4.4 | −3.1 | −3.1 | −3.5 | −4.5 | −3.4 | −2.6 | −3.4(−4.1, −3.2) |
| Lumbar T | −1.3 | −4.5 | −3.3 | −3.3 | −4.4 | −3.1 | −2.7 | −3.5 | −3.4 | −3.4 | −2.6 | −3.3(−3.5, −2.9) |
| Femoral neck T | −3.8 | −3.5 | −2.6 | −3.1 | −3.4 | −2.2 | −3.1 | −3 | −4.5 | −3.4 | −2.5 | −3.1 (−3.5, −2.8) |
| BMD (g/cm2) | ||||||||||||
| Lumbar | 0.9 | 0.553 | 0.779 | 0.679 | 0.562 | 0.705 | 0.754 | 0.667 | 0.669 | 0.669 | 0.756 | 0.679 (0.67, 0.76) |
| Femoral neck | 0.429 | 0.463 | 0.672 | 0.501 | 0.466 | 0.606 | 0.51 | 0.511 | 0.348 | 0.472 | 0.57 | 0.501 (0.46, 0.54) |
| Compression Fracture | T12, L2 | No | No | L2 | No | No | T11, T12 | No | No | No | T11 | |
| Sarcopenia (AWGS 2019) | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | |
| Grip strength (Kg) | 26.7 | 17.1 | 24.4 | 21.6 | 20.3 | 27.5 | 23.0 | 29.0 | 9.8 | 22.4 | 20.3 | 22.4 (20.3, 25.6) |
| ASMI | 6.05 | 4.20 | 5.46 | 5.21 | 6.43 | 5.70 | 6.74 | 5.55 | 3.57 | 5.53 | 5.59 | 5.55 (5.3, 5.9) |
| Muscle mass (g) | ||||||||||||
| Left arm | 1868 | 1,084 | 1,632 | 1,291 | 1,580 | 1,464 | 1,584 | 1,553 | 1,047 | 1,545 | 1,473 | 1545a |
| Right arm | 1,632 | 1,081 | 1838 | 1,239 | 1,665 | 1927 | 1889 | 1,637 | 1,047 | 1,432 | 1,563 | 1632b |
| Left leg | 4,568 | 3,651 | 5,545 | 4,141 | 6,049 | 5,603 | 5,818 | 5,348 | 2,813 | 5,233 | 4,919 | 5233c |
| Right leg | 4,646 | 3,621 | 5,488 | 4,434 | 6,349 | 6,141 | 6,066 | 5,308 | 3,122 | 5,122 | 5,292 | 5292d |
| Trunk | 14,894 | 23,943 | 36,979 | 28,729 | 35,121 | 38,216 | 38,678 | 15,817 | 22,199 | 32,309 | 32,806 | 32309e |
| Calf circumference (cm) | ||||||||||||
| Left | 29.5 | 30.7 | 32.6 | 34.0 | 35.0 | 35.6 | 34.0 | 32.0 | 26.0 | 34.0 | 33.5 | 33.5 (31.4, 34) |
| Right | 30.0 | 31.5 | 32.8 | 34.0 | 35.0 | 36.6 | 34.0 | 32.0 | 26.0 | 34.0 | 33.9 | 33.9 (31.8, 34) |
| Regular exercise | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | |
| SARC F questionnaire | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 1) |
| 5-time chair stand test(sec) | 6.0 | 9.8 | 7.0 | 5.6 | 8.0 | 11.9 | 8.0 | 10.4 | 12.1 | 6.0 | 8.2 | 8.0 (6.5, 10.1) |
| Fried frailty score | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 (0, 1) |
| GDS 5 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 (0, 1) |
| IADL | 24 | 21 | 23 | 23 | 21 | 21 | 24 | 24 | 22 | 24 | 24 | 23 (22, 24) |
| CPET | ||||||||||||
| MET | 7.9 | 5.2 | 7.2 | 4.8 | 7.2 | 6.7 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 4.9 | 7.7 | 5.7 | 7.1 (5.5, 7.2) |
| Peak oxygen uptake, mL/kg/min | 27.6 | 18.1 | 25.2 | 16.8 | 25.2 | 23.4 | 24.9 | 25.0 | 17.1 | 27.1 | 19.8 | 24.9 (18.9, 25.2) |
| Predicted peak O2 uptake achieved (%) | 111 | 68 | 95 | 64 | 95 | 85 | 93 | 87 | 67 | 92 | 61 | 87 (67.5, 94) |
| Peak workload, W | 112 | 43 | 105 | 51 | 110 | 150 | 143 | 99 | 32 | 150 | 111 | 110 (75, 127) |
IADL, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; ASMI, Appendicular skeletal muscle mass index; CPET, Cardiopulmonary exercise testing; GDS, Geriatric depression scale; MET, metabolic equivalent; SR, Successful Referrals; UR, Unsuccessful Referrals. a (1,377, 1,568); b (133, 1752); c (4,355, 5,574); d (4,540, 5,777); e (23,071, 36,050).