Skip to main content
. 2025 Aug 29;104(35):e44103. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000044103

Table 1.

League table of outcomes.

(1) AHI
SMES
-5.53 (-22.83, 11.76) TENS
-8.24 (-25.74, 9.26) -2.70 (-18.51, 13.10) HNS
-17.51 (-30.84, -4.17) -11.97 (-22.99, -0.96) -9.27 (-20.60, 2.06) CON
(2) SaO2
SMES
0.10 (-0.49, 0.69) HNS
0.24 (-0.71, 1.18) 0.13 (-0.77, 1.04) TENS
0.33 (-0.13, 0.79) 0.23 (-0.14, 0.60) 0.09 (-0.73, 0.92) CON
(3) LSAT
TENS
1.66 (-6.81, 10.13) SMES
4.52 (-3.03, 12.07) 2.86 (-5.73, 11.45) HNS
5.95 (0.70, 11.20) 4.29 (-2.38, 10.97) 1.43 (-3.97, 6.83) CON
(4) LSAT
SMES
-0.84 (-2.96, 1.29) TENS
-1.17 (-3.28, 0.94) -0.33 (-2.78, 2.11) HNS
-1.14 (-2.36, 0.07) -0.31 (-2.05, 1.44) 0.03 (-1.69, 1.75) CON
(5) ESS
HNS
-0.94 (-5.59, 3.70) SMES
-2.24 (-3.90, -0.58) -1.30 (-5.64, 3.04) CON
-4.24 (-9.62, 1.13) -3.30 (-10.01, 3.41) -2.00 (-7.11, 3.11) TENS

AHI = Apnea–Hypopnea Index, ESS = Epworth Sleepiness Scale, HNS = hypoglossal nerve stimulation, LSAT = lowest oxygen saturation during sleep, SaO2 = oxygen saturation, SMES = submental electrical stimulation, TENS = transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.