Table 2.
Anthropometric characteristics and dietary consumption of prediabetic patients treated with metformin combined with citrus flavonoids or placebo for 12 weeks.
| Treatment with metformin add-on | Citrus flavonoids (n = 68) | Placebo (n = 68) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 0 | Week 12 | Week 0 | Week 12 | ||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
| Anthropometric characteristics | |||||
| Weight, kg | 87.2 (18.5) a | 86.6 (18.8) b | 86.6 (18.7) | 86.5 (18.9) | 0.10 |
| BMI kg/m2 | 31.9 (6.3) a | 31.7 (6.5) b | 31.7 (6.4) | 31.7 (6.5) | 0.10 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 104 (13) | 104 (13) | 104 (13) | 104 (13) | 0.57 |
| Waist/height ratio | 0.63 (0.08) | 0.63 (0.08) | 0.63 (0.08) | 0.63 (0.08) | 0.55 |
| Abdomen diameter, cm | 25.4 (3.5) | 25.2 (3.58) | 25.3 (3.4) | 25.1 (3.5) | 0.46 |
| Neck diameter, cm | 38.9 (3.9) | 38.8 (3.7) | 38.8 (3.6) c | 39.1 (3.7) d | 0.12 |
| Lean mass, cm | 34.3 (5.3) | 34.6 (5.4) | 34.6 (5.7) | 34.7 (5.4) | 0.90 |
| % body fat | 38.5 (8.9) a | 38.0 (9.3) b | 38.3 (9.4) | 37.9 (9.0) | 0.59 |
| BMR, kcal | 1,520 (258) | 1,518 (259) | 1,519 (258) | 1,519 (254) | 0.57 |
| Dietary consumption | |||||
| Energy, kcal/d | 1975 (798) | 1925 (602) | 1959 (696) | 1845 (770) | 0.34 |
| Carbohydrate, g/d | 248 (124) | 240 (82) | 251 (118) | 232 (132) | 0.26 |
| Protein, g/d | 86.8 (35.8) | 83.2 (36.9) | 95.6 (53.2) | 88.5 (38.4) | 0.88 |
| Total fat, g | 71.3 (35.8) | 63.8 (28.5) | 63.5 (35.4) | 61.8 (38.8) | 0.54 |
| Saturated fat, g/d | 22.2 (12.7) | 20.7 (12.4) | 20.7 (12.1) c | 21.0 (14.1) d | 0.35 |
| Dietary fiber, g/d | 21.4 (10.7) | 21.1 (12.7) | 24.8 (12.9) | 19.7 (11.1) | 0.21 |
| Vitamin C, mg/d | 147 (120) | 115 (132) | 147 (128) | 97.0 (107) | 0.67 |
| Folate, ug/d | 345 (188) | 273 (125) | 351 (224) | 262 (111) | 0.89 |
| Sodium, g/d | 2.2 (1.6) | 1.8 (1.1) | 1.9 (0.9) | 1.7 (1.1) | 0.91 |
| Potassium, g/d | 2.2 (0.8) a | 2.4 (1.1) b | 2.7 (2.6) | 2.2 (1.0) | 0.03* |
Statistical intragroup differences between weeks 0 and 12 are indicated by different letters (“a” vs. “b” for the citrus flavonoids group and “c” vs. “d” for the placebo group) (p ≤ 0.05). Intergroup differences between the citrus flavonoids and placebo groups are indicated by an asterisk (*) (p ≤ 0.05). Statistically significant differences are indicated by the values highlighted in bold.