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. 2025 Aug 19;16:1612898. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1612898

Table 5.

VIs predicts yield results.

VIs Algorithm R2 RMSE MAE MBE Equation
EXG BP 0.59 11.02 14.61 -0.18 y=0.40x+38.51
SVM 0.61 15.43 13.32 1.11 y=0.67x+23.80
RF 0.58 10.78 11.00 -0.02 y=0.54x+29.02
GRAY BP 0.65 12.27 12.41 -0.32 y=0.59x+25.86
SVM 0.66 14.65 9.65 2.27 y=0.77x+17.89
RF 0.71 10.94 8.25 0.21 y=0.69x+19.57
BRVI BP 0.61 11.82 11.06 0.07 y=0.61x+25.62
SVM 0.58 11.07 9.93 -3.15 y=0.52x+27.34
RF 0.68 11.37 8.74 0.28 y=0.69x+20.50
NDRE BP 0.41 13.17 11.83 0.48 y=0.47x+34.39
SVM 0.55 13.27 13.37 -0.80 y=0.45x+33.99
RF 0.54 11.45 11.52 0.07 y=0.47x+33.85
Combine BP 0.87 10.67 7.25 -2.05 y=0.83x+8.75
SVM 0.86 10.75 5.93 -1.05 y=0.83x+9.85
RF 0.87 6.78 5.63 -0.03 y=0.8x+12.46

EXG stand for excess green index; GLI stand for green leaf index; GRAY stand for gray level index; BRVI stand for simple blue ratio index; NDRE stand for normalized difference red - edge index. BP stand for back propagation neural network; SVM stand for support vector machine; RF stand for random forest.