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. 2025 Aug 19;16:1612898. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1612898

Table 6.

Phenotypic indicators predict yield results.

Phenotypic indicators Algorithm R2 RMSE MAE MBE Equation
SPAD BP 0.52 8.49 9.41 -1.76 y=0.49x+24.96
SVM 0.57 12.11 7.51 -0.03 y=0.57x+27.47
RF 0.59 11.10 8.51 0.05 y=0.46x+34.81
NC/mg*g-1 BP 0.51 11.02 8.80 -1.33 y=0.46x+32.49
SVM 0.68 10.11 9.19 -3.58 y=0.48x+29.51
RF 0.76 8.67 8.25 0.35 y=0.46x+37.11
PH/cm BP 0.71 12.11 8.66 1.78 y=0.75x+18.45
SVM 0.69 12.17 7.25 0.58 y=0.75x+17.99
RF 0.74 9.29 8.45 0.42 y=0.62x+24.06
TN BP 0.59 14.97 8.98 0.38 y=0.72x+19.98
SVM 0.50 10.14 17.60 -0.07 y=0.10x+60.53
RF 0.66 10.35 9.33 0.56 y=0.57x+29.80
Combine BP 0.81 13.78 5.98 -0.04 y=0.57x+28.77
SVM 0.64 2.66 5.60 0.03 y=0.18x+53.68
RF 0.71 7.91 6.95 0.07 y=0.57x+29.80

PH stand for plant height; TN stand for tiller number; SPAD stand for soil and plant analysis development value; NC stand for nitrogen content. BP stand for back propagation neural network; SVM stand for support vector machine; RF stand for random forest.