Table 1.

Patient demographics and surgical characteristics Figure 1.

Characteristics	Placebo n = 70	Remimazolam (2.5 mg) n = 71	Remimazolam (5.0 mg) n = 71	p Value
Age (yr)	47.5 (32–54)	46 (35–56)	49 (36–57)	0.292
Sex				0.111
Male	45 (64.3%)	51 (71.8%)	39 (54.9%)
Female	25 (35.7%)	20 (28.2%)	32 (45.1%)
Height (cm)	170.37 ± 6.38	171.75 ± 7.10	170.28 ± 7.12	0.366
Weight (kg)	71.49 ± 8.98	72.28 ± 8.63	70.99 ± 8.83	0.097
BMI (kg/m2)	24.58 ± 2.31	24.45 ± 1.97	23.80 ± 1.97	0.061
ASA physical status				0.501
I	18 (25.7%)	11 (15.5%)	12 (16.9%)
II	51 (72.9%)	57 (80.3%)	57 (80.3%)
III	1 (1.4%)	3 (4.2%)	2 (2.8%)
aCCI	1 (0–2)	1 (0–2)	1 (0–2)	0.160
APAIS score	11 (8–16)	12 (6–15)	10 (7–12)	0.151
Type of surgery				0.853
Ear surgery	10 (14.3%)	6 (8.5%)	8 (11.3%)
Nasal surgery	21 (30%)	23 (32.4%)	24 (33.8%)
Laryngopharynx surgery	39 (55.7%)	42 (59.2%)	39 (54.9%)
Anesthesia duration (min)	50 (29.25–82)	45 (30–75)	54 (30–76)	0.533
Operation duration (min)	35 (15–70.75)	30 (20–60)	40 (20–60)	0.809
Indwelling urinary catheter	26 (37.1%)	21 (29.6%)	23 (32.4%)	0.628
Agitation status				0.943
Agitated (SAS = 5)	36 (51.4%)	37 (52.1%)	33 (46.5%)
Very agitated (SAS = 6)	24 (34.3%)	25 (35.2%)	26 (36.6%)
Dangerous agitation (SAS = 7)	10 (14.3%)	9 (12.7%)	12 (16.9%)

Variables with normal distribution were expressed as mean ± (SD) and analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Non-normally distributed variables were presented as median (IQR) and evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis tests. Categorical variables were presented as numbers (proportions) and compared using Chi-square.

BMI, Body Mass Index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; aCCI, age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index; APAIS, Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale; SAS: Riker Sedation-Agitation Scale.