Table 2.
Overview of the findings on how EECs and secretory products are affected in different diseases
| Disease | Findings | References |
|---|---|---|
| IBD | GLP-1 + Chromogranin A ↑, 5-HT EECs ↑, PYY ↓, Serum ghrelin ↑, EECs express IL-32, IL-32 ↑ | 83–86,154 |
| Metabolic diseases | OB: Ghrelin ↓, GLP-1 ↑ after specific diet. OB+DB2: GLP-1 ↓. DB2: CCK plasma ↓, GLP-1 vary | 81,82,86–88,91,92 |
| Schizophrenia | PPP3CA gene expression in EECs ↓ | 93,95 |
| PD | α-synuclein aggregation ↑ in EEC cell line by bacteria, GLP-1 ↓ after meal | 97,99 |
| Diseases of unregulated hormonal over-release | Gastrin ↑, 5-HT ↑, ECL ↑ | 80,81,155,156 |
EEC enteroendocrine cell, ECL enterochromaffin-like, CCK cholecystokinin, GLP glucagon-like peptide, PYY peptide YY, IL-32 Interleukin 32, 5-HT serotonin, OB Obesity, DB2 Diabetes type 2, IBD Inflammatory bowel disease, PD Parkinson's disease.