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. 2025 Sep 1;25:911. doi: 10.1186/s12884-025-08038-5

Table 5.

Bivariate and multivariable analysis result

Variable ANC Quality OR (95% CI) aOR (95% CI)
Poor (%) Good (%)
Age < 20 2 (28.57) 5 (71.43) 1 1
20-35 127 (32.99) 258 (67.01) 0.81 (0.15-4.24) 1.54 (0.23-10.05)
>35 22 (42.31) 30 (57.69) 0.54 (0.09-3.07) 1.25 (0.17-9.27)
Residence Bantul regency 145 (33.41) 289 (66.59) 1 1
Outside Bantul regency 6 (60.00) 4 (40.00) 0.33 (0.09-1.20) 0.27 (0.06-1.18)
Education Status Low education (≤ 12 years) 89 (29.77) 210 (70.23) 1 1
High education (>12 years) 62 (42.76) 83 (57.24) 0.56 (0.37-0.85)a 0.50 (0.31-0.80)a
Occupation Unemployed 65 (31.25) 143 (68.75) 1 1
Employed 86 (36.44) 150 (63.56) 0.79 (0.53-1.17) 0.77 (0.49-1.21)
Insurance Ownership Not having insurance 27 (54.00) 23 (46.00) 1 1
Having insurance 124 (31.47) 270 (68.53) 2.55 (1.40-4.63)a 2.47 (1.31-4.68)a
Number of Pregnancies Primigravida 50 (29.59) 119 (70.41) 1 1
Multigravida 101 (36.73) 174 (63.27) 0.72 (0.47-1.09) 0.64 (0.39-1.04)
Comorbidity No 141 (34.64) 266 (65.36) 1 1
Yes 10 (27.03) 27 (72.97) 1.43 (0.67-3.04) 1.88 (0.81-4.32)
Number of Visit Not first visit 98 (44.75) 121 (55.25) 1 1
First visit 53 (23.56) 172 (76.44) 2.62 (1.74-3.94)b 2.57 (1.67-3.95)b
Initiation of Visit >12 weeks 38 (28.78) 94 (71.22) 1 1
≤ 12 weeks 113 (36.21) 199 (63.79) 1.21 (0.79-1.85) 1.28 (0.81-2.03)
Waiting Time >60 minutes at one of the clinics 27 (45.00%) 33 (55.00%) 1 1
≤ 60 minutes on all clinics 124 (32.29%) 260 (67.71%) 1.71 (0.98-2.97) 1.81 (0.97-3.39)
Consultation Duration < 15 minutes at one of the clinics 149 (33.94%) 290 (66.06%) 1 1
≥ 15 minutes on all clinics 2 (40.00%) 3 (60.00%) 0.77 (0.12-4.66) 1.12 (0.15-8.38)
Patients’ Satisfaction Levels on Waiting Time Very Dissatisfied 1 (100) 0 (0) 1.21 (0.82-1.79) 0.95 (0.52-1.71)
Dissatisfied 0 (0) 3 (100)
Satisfied 97 (35.93) 173 (64.07)
Very Satisfied 53 (31.18) 117 (68.82)
Patients’ Satisfaction Levels on Consultation Duration Very Dissatisfied 1 (100) 0 (0) 1.18 (0.81-1.73) 0.88 (0.47-1.65)
Dissatisfied 1 (50.00) 1 (50.00)
Satisfied 85 (34.84) 159 (65.16)
Very Satisfied 64 (32.49) 133 (67.51)
Patients’ Satisfaction Levels on Physical and Supporting Examination Very Dissatisfied 1 (100) 0 (0) 1.35 (0.90-2.03) 1.84 (0.93-3.64)
Dissatisfied 0 (0) 1 (100)
Satisfied 103 (36.14) 182 (63.86)
Very Satisfied 47 (29.94) 110 (70.06)
Patients’ Satisfaction Levels on Providing Informartion Very Dissatisfied 1 (100) 0 (0) 1.20 (0.82-1.76) 0.96 (0.53-1.74)
Dissatisfied 1 (50.00) 1 (50.00)
Satisfied 90 (34.88) 168 (65.12)
Very Satisfied 59 (32.24) 124 (67.76)

Significance levels 

ap < 0.01

bp < 0.001 using simple logistic regression