TABLE 3.

Phase I (intervention ongoing) comparisons between the three groups during the first 12 months^a,b

Outcomes	TFV (1)	OHE (2)	TFV + OHE (3)	P-value	Comparisons
Full-mouth caries status
∆ DMFT/dmft	2.10 (2.23)	1.90 (2.00)	2.14 (2.85)	0.651	(1) = (2) = (3)
Caries progression	4.16 (5.20)	3.85 (4.73)	4.84 (6.02)	0.865	(1) = (2) = (3)
Caries on PMFs
DFS	1.08 (1.70)	0.74 (1.69)	0.68 (1.33)	0.016	(1) > (2), (3)
Caries incidence	35.1 (27)	16.3 (13)	19.0 (15)	0.011	(1) > (2)
DI-S scores
12 months	1.50 (0.88)	1.49 (0.55)	1.50 (0.62)	0.997	(1) = (2) = (3)
6 months	1.52 (0.51)	1.50 (0.56)	1.26 (0.60)	0.005	(1), (2) > (3)
Salivary pH values
12 months	7.08 (0.39)	7.24 (0.35)	7.27 (0.39)	0.004	(1) < (2), (3)
6 months	7.37 (0.26)	7.35 (0.24)	7.37 (0.30)	0.855	(1) = (2) = (3)

^a Categorical data (caries increment) was presented as % (n), continuous data were presented as mean (SD).

^b DI-S: simplified debris index; OHE: oral health education; PFMs: permanent first molars; TFV: topical fluoride varnish.