FIG. 1.

Contact angles measured on the surfaces of cleaned materials; conditioned materials; conditioned and rinsed materials; biofilms of Comamonas sp., L. monocytogenes, S. sciuri (Staph. sciuri), and P. putida (Ps. putida) on stainless steel, PVC, and PU; and on the surfaces of pieces of beef. Contact angles with water (a), formamide (b), and di-iodomethane (c) are shown. The bars represent the confidence intervals. The results are from two duplicate experiments and 10 measurements per experiment.