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. 2025 Aug 20;13:1638285. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1638285

Table 2.

Awareness of malnutrition by item and overall (n = 1,227).

Item n (Aware) Awareness rate (%)
Malnutrition-1 (general knowledge) 1,147 93.5%
Symptom 1 (weight loss awareness) 826 67.3%
Symptom 2 (muscle loss awareness) 770 62.8%
Risk Factor 1 (chronic disease association) 849 69.2%
Risk Factor 2 (psychological status association) 512 41.7%
Intervention 1 (protein supplementation) 1,138 92.7%
Intervention 2 (use of ONS if diet insufficient) 1,027 83.7%
Overall awareness (≥4 correct answers) 602 49.1%