Inactivation behaviors of A. niger spores in carbonated saline. The saline was carbonated at 10 MPa, and the concentrations of dCO2 were ∼21.7 to ∼24.2 γ. Symbols indicate results of experiments in carbonated saline at 44°C (×), 46°C (▪), 48°C (▴), 50°C (•), and 52°C (⧫); in physiological saline at 52°C (○); and in McIlvaine buffer (pH 3.0) at 52°C (□)