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. 2025 Aug 20;12:1618493. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1618493

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Copyright © 2025 Said, Kühl, Fevang, Nystad and Johansson.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Tornado diagrams comparing incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) for different strategies. Diagram (a) shows Strategy 1 versus Strategy 2, indicating costs of TT and mtx therapy and probabilities associated with this treatment option such as LDA, MDA nd remission, and mtx therapy. Diagram (b) compares Strategy 1 versus Strategy 3, highlighting similar factors including costs of b/tsdmard, mtx, prednisolone, and corresponding probabilities. Vertical axis lists factors; horizontal axis measures ICER values. Both include a willingness-to-pay threshold line at 282. — One-way sensitivity analysis comparing ICERS of methotrexate monotherapy vs. methotrexate + TT (a) and methotrexate + b/tsDMARD1 (b). Each variable is arranged by decreasing impact on the ICER. A willingness to pay threshold of USD 282 was used.