Table 5. Association between categorical variables and complications.
| Variable | Complications | Total | Chi-Square/U | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No, n (%) | Yes, n(%) | ||||
| Age group | Χ 2(2) = 5.946 | 0.051 | |||
| 18-30 years | 36 (97.3%) | 1 (2.7%) | 37 | ||
| 31-40 years | 12 (100%) | 0 (0.0%) | 12 | ||
| 41-50 years | 13 (81.3%) | 3 (18.8%) | 16 | ||
| Linear by linear | - | - | - | Χ 2(1) = 3.999 | 0.046 |
| Mechanism of injury | Χ 2(1) = 3.224 | 0.073 | |||
| RTA | 42 (97.7%) | 1 (2.3%) | 43 | ||
| Fall | 19 (86.4%) | 3 (13.6%) | 22 | ||
| Gender | Χ 2(1) = 3.317 | 0.069 | |||
| Male | 52 (96.3%) | 2 (3.7%) | 54 | ||
| Female | 9 (81.8%) | 2 (18.2%) | 11 | ||
| Injured side | Χ 2(1) = 3.224 | 0.073 | |||
| Right | 42 (97.7%) | 1 (2.3%) | 43 | ||
| Left | 19 (86.4%) | 3 (13.6%) | 22 | ||
| UCLA outcome | Χ 2(1) = 15.488 | < 0.001 | |||
| Good/excellent (≥27) | 61 (95.3%) | 3 (4.7%) | 64 | ||
| Fair/poor (<27) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (100%) | 1 | ||
| Total UCLA | - | - | - | U = 11.00. | < 0.001 |
Note: Chi-square tests of independence were used to examine the association between categorical variables and the presence/absence of complications, reporting Pearson’s chi-square values unless otherwise noted. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to examine significant differences UCLA scores and complications.
Abbreviations: UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles; RTA, Road Traffic Accident; U, Mann-Whitney U test statistics.