HPAEC analysis of cycloamyloses derived from various substrates. A reaction mixture (100 μl) containing 0.1% (wt/vol) substrate, 0.05 U of GDE, and 20 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 6.0) was incubated at 40°C. After 24 h, the mixture was heated at 100°C for 5 min to stop the reaction. Cycloamylose was prepared as described in the legend to Fig. 2. The substrates were amyloses with average molecular masses of 5 kDa (A), 10 kDa (B), 30 kDa (C), 70 kDa (D), 110 kDa (E), and 320 kDa (F); amylopectin (G); and debranched starch (short-chain amylose) (H).