Fig. 5:

Rho shapes codon usage in Bacilli. Distribution of purine frequency in the wobble position among the codons used to encode the given amino acid across Bacilli species that do (thick purple lines; n = 200 species) and do not (filled grey bars; n = 111 species) encode rho⁴⁰ (Methods). The five amino acids that are encoded by four codons are shown. N, any nucleotide. P-values from one-sided Mann-Whitney U tests. d indicates Cohen’s d effect size (Methods).