Table 3.

Sex differences in autonomic function across the week of monitoring.

Autonomic function metrica	Women N = 127	Men N = 168	P
	Unadjusted Means (95% CI)
Ln DC	1.7 (1.6, 1.8)	1.9 (1.8, 2.0)	0.01
Ln HF	5.0 (4.8, 5.2)	5.3 (5.1, 5.4)	0.03
Ln LF	5.5 (5.3, 5.7)	6.0 (5.9, 6.2)	< 0.001
Ln VLF	7.0 (6.9, 7.2)	7.4 (7.3, 7.6)	< 0.001
Ln SDNN	3.5 (3.5, 3.6)	3.8 (3.7, 3,8)	< 0.001
	Means Adjusted for Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors (95% CI) b,c
Ln DC	1.8 (1.7, 1.8)	1.9 (1.8, 1.9)	0.10
Ln HF	4.9 (4.8, 5.1)	5.3 (5.1, 5.5)	0.01
Ln LF	5.5 (5.3, 5.7)	6.0 (5.9, 6.2)	< 0.001
Ln VLF	7.1 (6.9, 7.2)	7.4 (7.3, 7.5)	< 0.001
Ln SDNN	3.5 (3.5, 3.6)	3.7 (3.7, 3.8)	< 0.001
	Means Further Adjusted for Psychological Factors (95% CI) d,e
Ln DC	1.8 (1.7, 1.9)	1.9 (1.8, 1.9)	0.13
Ln HF	5.0 (4.8, 5.1)	5.3 (5.1, 5.5)	0.02
Ln LF	5.5 (5.3, 5.7)	6.0 (5.9, 6.2)	< 0.001
Ln VLF	7.1 (6.9, 7.2)	7.4 (7.3, 7.5)	0.002
Ln SDNN	3.5 (3.5, 3.6)	3.7 (3.7, 3.8)	< 0.001
	Unadjusted Means (95% CI)

CI: confidence interval; DC: deceleration capacity; HF: high-frequency heart rate variability; LF: low-frequency heart rate variability; VLF: very-low frequency heart rate variability; SDNN: standard deviation of NN intervals.

^aDaily means averaged across the week.

^bAdjusted for sociodemographic factors (age, race (Black versus non-Black), married, education > 12 years), clinical risk factors (ever smoking, BMI, history of hypertension, history of diabetes mellitus, left ventricular ejection fraction, Gensini CAD severity score) and medications (beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARB medications, statins and antidepressants).

^c8 participants not included due to missing values.

^dFurther adjusted for psychiatric history (lifetime history of major depression and of PTSD), and for Beck Depression Inventory score, and PTSD Symptom Checklist score at the clinic visit.

^e14 participants not included due to missing values.