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. 2025 Aug 21;16:1607131. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1607131

Figure 2.

Research study illustration with multiple panels showing effects of treatments on liver condition. Panels A and E depict study timelines with ABX cocktail treatments. Panels B and F display liver images post-treatment, showing differences in coloration and texture. Panels C and G present bar graphs showing liver function test results, including ALT, AST, T-BIL, D-BIL, and ALB levels. Panels D and H contain histological images with HE and Masson staining, illustrating liver tissue structure. Significant differences in treatment groups are indicated with asterisks and "ns" for non-significance.

The gut microbiota mediates the protective effect of rivaroxaban against MCT-induced HSOS. (A) Schematic diagram of the ABX experimental protocol. (B) Hepatic morphology of the mice in the ABX + MCT and ABX + MCT + RIV groups (n = 6). (C) Serum liver function biochemical analysis of liver function in the ABX + MCT and ABX + MCT + RIV groups. Statistical analysis was performed using an unpaired t-test. The data are presented as the means ± SEMs (n = 6). (D) HE and Masson staining of liver tissues from the ABX + MCT and ABX + MCT + RIV groups. Images were captured at 200 × magnification (scale bar = 50 μm) and 400 × magnification (scale bar = 20 μm) (n = 6). (E) Schematic diagram of the FMT experimental protocol. (F) Hepatic morphology of the mice in the FMT-NC and FMT-RIV groups (n = 6 per group). (G) Serum liver function biochemical analysis of liver function in the FMT-NC and FMT-RIV groups. Statistical analysis was performed using an unpaired t-test. The data are presented as the means ± SEMs (n = 6). ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. (H) HE and Masson staining of liver tissues from the FMT-NC and FMT-RIV groups. Images were captured at 200 × magnification (scale bar = 50 μm) and 400 × magnification (scale bar = 20 μm) (n = 6).