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. 2025 Sep 3;3:39. doi: 10.1038/s44303-025-00090-2

Table 2.

Human kidney vascular branching metrics compartmentalised by spatial zone with the organ

Cortex Medulla Hilum Intermedullary pillars Organ
Volume of tissue, ×1013 µm3 (% of total) 8.70 (63.7%) 3.21 (23.5%) 1.18 (8.66%) 0.57 (4.14%) 13.7 (100%)
Number of segments* (% of total) 6141 (60.27%) 554 (5.4%) 151 (1.5%) 727 (7.1%) 10,190 (100%)
Mean segment length, µm ± STD 1999 ± 1374 1493 ± 1113 3993 ± 3568 1720 ± 1386 2260 ± 1720
Mean segment radius, µm ± STD 48 ± 12.6 95 ± 49 496 ± 335 136 ± 80 71 ± 87
Mean inter-vessel distances, ×103 µm ± STD 1.10 ± 0.677 1.55 ± 0.881 1.55 ± 1.312 0.664 ± 0.543 1.2 ± 0.833
Mean segment volume, ×108 µm3 ± STD 0.148 ± 0.116 0.623 ± 1.12 69.0 ± 147 1.73 ± 4.48 1.65 ± 20.6
Mean segment tortuosity ± STD 1.14 ± 0.17 1.08 ± 0.13 1.08 ± 0.1 1.1 ± 0.12 1.15 ± 0.18

*Segments that crossed over two regions were excluded.