Table 1.
Self-reported sociodemographic, behavioral, and psychosocial characteristics of the participants (N=1005).
| Variable | Values | ||
| Age (y), n (%) | |||
|
|
15-19 | 76 (7.6) | |
|
|
20-24 | 557 (55.4) | |
|
|
25-29 | 372 (37) | |
| Educational level, n (%) | |||
|
|
Secondary or lower (≤12 y) | 32 (3.2) | |
|
|
Tertiary [14,15] | 213 (21.2) | |
|
|
Bachelor’s degree [16] | 622 (61.9) | |
|
|
Higher than a bachelor’s degree (≥17 y) | 138 (13.7) | |
| Employment status, n (%) | |||
|
|
Full time | 530 (52.7) | |
|
|
Not working | 184 (18.3) | |
|
|
Part time | 291 (29) | |
| Monthly income, n (%) | |||
|
|
<VND 5 million (US $191.11) | 164 (16.3) | |
|
|
VND 5 million-9,999,999 (US $191.11-$382.21) | 254 (25.3) | |
|
|
VND 10 million-14,999,999 (US $382.21-$573.31) | 220 (21.9) | |
|
|
VND 15 million-19,999,999 (US $573.31-$764.42) | 153 (15.2) | |
|
|
≥VND 20 million (US $764.42) | 214 (21.3) | |
| Sexual orientation, n (%) | |||
|
|
Homosexual | 918 (91.3) | |
|
|
Bisexual or straight | 87 (8.7) | |
| Ever sold sex, n (%) | |||
|
|
No | 768 (76.4) | |
|
|
Yes | 237 (23.6) | |
| Ever bought sex, n (%) | |||
|
|
No | 913 (90.8) | |
|
|
Yes | 92 (9.2) | |
| HIV status, n (%) | |||
|
|
Negative | 876 (87.2) | |
|
|
Positive | 42 (4.2) | |
|
|
Unknown | 87 (8.7) | |
| Any STIa diagnosis (previous 12 mo), n (%) | |||
|
|
No | 829 (82.5) | |
|
|
Yes | 176 (17.5) | |
| HIV testing (previous 6 mo), n (%) | |||
|
|
No | 203 (20.2) | |
|
|
Yes | 802 (79.8) | |
| Currently on PrEPb, n (%) | |||
|
|
No | 381 (37.9) | |
|
|
Yes | 624 (62.1) | |
| Steady sex partner (previous 12 mo), n (%) | |||
|
|
No | 463 (46.1) | |
|
|
Yes | 542 (53.9) | |
| Casual sex partner (previous 12 mo), n (%) | |||
|
|
No | 324 (32.2) | |
|
|
Yes | 681 (67.8) | |
| Male sex worker partner (previous 12 mo), n (%) | |||
|
|
No | 964 (95.9) | |
|
|
Yes | 41 (4.1) | |
| Male client sex partner (previous 12 mo), n (%) | |||
|
|
No | 932 (92.7) | |
|
|
Yes | 73 (7.3) | |
| Number of male sex partners (previous 12 mo), n (%) | |||
|
|
1-10 | 641 (63.8) | |
|
|
≥11 | 364 (36.2) | |
| HIV status of last male sex partner, n (%) | |||
|
|
Did not know | 355 (35.3) | |
|
|
HIV positive | 39 (3.9) | |
|
|
HIV negative | 611 (60.8) | |
| Condomless anal sex: previous 3 mo, n (%) | |||
|
|
No | 581 (57.8) | |
|
|
Yes | 424 (42.2) | |
| Condomless anal sex: last time, n (%) | |||
|
|
No | 583 (58) | |
|
|
Yes | 422 (42) | |
| Condomless anal sex while not on PrEP or ARTc (last time), n (%) | |||
|
|
No | 846 (84.2) | |
|
|
Yes | 159 (15.8) | |
| Group sex (lifetime), n (%) | |||
|
|
Never | 561 (55.8) | |
|
|
1-10 times | 335 (33.3) | |
|
|
≥11 times | 109 (10.8) | |
| Frequency of having sex with online partners (previous 12 mo), n (%) | |||
|
|
Never | 239 (23.8) | |
|
|
Sometimes | 479 (47.7) | |
|
|
Often | 287 (28.6) | |
| Significant depressive symptoms (CES-D-Rd score of >9), n (%) | |||
|
|
No | 577 (57.4) | |
|
|
Yes | 428 (42.6) | |
| Suicidality (SBQ-Re score of >6), n (%) | |||
|
|
No | 759 (75.5) | |
|
|
Yes | 223 (22.2) | |
|
|
Missing | 23 (2.3) | |
| Hazardous drinking (AUDIT-Cf score of >3), n (%) | |||
|
|
No | 685 (68.2) | |
|
|
Yes | 320 (31.8) | |
| Sexualized illicit drug use, n (%) | |||
|
|
No | 804 (80) | |
|
|
Yes | 201 (20) | |
| Perceived HIV stigma (score of 0-21), mean (SD) | 10.2 (3.97) | ||
| Outness (score of 5-25), mean (SD) | 8.36 (6.51) | ||
| Social support (MOS-SSSg; score of 1-5), mean (SD) | 3.50 (1.08) | ||
aSTI: sexually transmitted infection.
bPrEP: preexposure prophylaxis.
cART: antiretroviral therapy.
dCES-D-R: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale.
eSBQ-R: Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire–Revised.
fAUDIT-C: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test–Consumption scale.
gMOS-SSS: Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey.