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. 2025 Jul 1;141(4):807–817. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000007606

Table 2.

Cumulative Duration of Deviating Vital Sign Values Per 24 h

Intention-to-treat population
Intervention
(n = 200)		 Control
(n = 200)		 Mean difference (95% CI) P value
Primary outcome, combined cumulative 60 [25–136] 76 [28–192] 20 (−20 to 60) .19
Respiratory
 Spo2 < 92%b 216 [86–472] 353 [142–627] 90 (28–152) .008
 Spo2 < 88% 37 [13–82] 51 [16–148] 47 (18–80) .02
 Spo2 < 85%a 12 [3–31] 14 [4–50] 23 (2–44) .23
 Spo2 < 80% 2 [0–5] 2 [0–6] 5 (−1 to 12) .60
 RF ≤ 5 min–1a 0 [0–1] 0 [0–1] 1 (0–3) .29
 RF < 11 min–1 34 [7–102] 36 [8–106] 4 (−20 to 27) .84
 RF ≥ 24 min–1a 14 [2–47] 15 [2–69] 2 (−25 to 29) .60
 HR < 30 min–1 0 [0–0] 0 [0–0] 1 (0–2) .45
Circulatory
 HR < 30 min–1 0 [0–0] 0 [0–0] 1 (0–2) .45
 HR < 40 min–1a 0 [0–0] 0 [0–0] 3 (−1 to 7) .36
 HR > 110 min–1a 7 [0–40] 6 [0–38] –5 (−30 to 18) .71
 HR > 130 min–1 0 [0–2] 0 [0–2] –3 (−11 to 4) .34
 SBP <70 mm Hg 0 [0–0] 0 [0–0] 4 (−1 to 9) .52
 SBP <90 mm Hga 22 [0–83] 18 [0–106] 18 (−15 to 50) .74
 SBP ≥180 mm Hg 32 [0–75] 33 [0–85] 17 (−6 to 39) 1.0
 SBP ≥220 mm Hga 0 [0–0] 0 [0–0] 0 (−6 to 5) .41
Combination—SBP <100 mm Hg AND
 HR > 110 min–1a 0 [0–0] 0 [0–0] 2 (−1 to 4) .30
 HR < 50 min–1a 0 [0–0] 0 [0–0] 3 (−1 to 8) .15
 Spo2 < 92%a 0 [0–4] 0 [0–7] 5 (−5 to 14) .29

The table presents the primary outcome in the first row, which is the cumulative duration of deviations outside the combined thresholds: Spo2 < 85% or 5 > RF > 24 min–1, or 40 > HR > 110 min–1, 91 > SBP >219 mm Hg, or a combination of SBP <100 mm Hg AND (HR > 110 or HR < 50 or Spo2 < 92%). All values are presented as median [interquartile range] or mean difference with (95% CI). All values are calculated as the number of deviating minutes per 24 h of monitoring.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HR, heart rate; RF, respiration frequency; SBP, systolic blood pressure; Spo2, peripheral oxygen saturation.

a

All rows are categories that are part of the primary outcome, which is considered secondary outcomes.

b

Patients with BMI ≥40 or registered COPD are excluded from this analysis.