Table 3.
Serum and Plasma Biomarkers Identified in BOS after HCT
| Biomarker | Association and Cohort | Subjects with HCT-BOS (n) | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| MMP-9 | Increased in HCT-BOS | 33 | Inamoto et al. (208) |
| MMP-3 | Increased in HCT-BOS and CLAD | 88 (12 pooled, 76 confirmation) | Liu et al. (209) |
| BAFF, CD19(+) CD21(low) B cells | Increased, new diagnosis | 46 | Kuzmina et al. (212) |
| Cathepsin D, EGFR, KIR3DL1, and TNFSF14 | Associated with FEV1 improvement in single-arm trial of pirfenidone | 22 | Matthaiou et al. (111) |
| CXCL9, CXCL11 | Higher in mild/moderate disease in single-arm trial of ruxolitinib and BOS | 49 | DeFilipp et al. (15) |
| CC16 | Decreased serum levels in HCT-BOS | 8 | Mattsson et al. (97) |
| KL-6 | Higher serum levels at 1 month post-transplant in BOS compared with non-BOS; pediatric cohort | 6 | Gassas et al. (213) |
Definition of abbreviations: BAFF = B-cell activating factor; CC16 = clara cell secretory protein; CLAD = chronic lung allograft dysfunction; CXCL9 = CXC motif chemokine ligand 9; CXCL11 = CXC motif chemokine ligand 11; EGFR = epidermal growth factor receptor; HCT-BOS = bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after hematopoietic cell transplant; KIR3DL1 = killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor 3DL1; KL-6 = Krebs Von Den Lungen-6 glycoprotein; MMP = matrix metalloproteinase; TNFSF14 = tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 14.