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. 2025 Aug 30;17:2027–2040. doi: 10.2147/NSS.S524348

Table 3.

Baseline Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics

Characteristics Total n = 153 Placebo n = 76 Magnesium bisglycinate n = 77
Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD
Age, [years] 41.5 ± 13.1 42.1 ± 12.9 40.9 ± 13.3
Weight, [kg] 74.3 ± 16.5 75.5 ± 19.6 73.0 ± 12.7
BMI, [kg/m2] 25.4 ± 4.8 25.7 ± 5.5 25.1 ± 4.1
Sex, n (%)
Male 31 (20.3) 16 (21.1) 15 (19.5)
Female 122 (79.7) 60 (78.9) 62 (80.5)
Occupational Status, n (%)
Unemployed 6 (3.9) 3 (3.9) 3 (3.9)
Student 33 (21.6) 11 (14.5) 22 (28.6)
Worker 109 (68.0) 59 (73.7) 50 (62.3)
Pensioner 5 (3.3) 3 (3.9) 2 (2.6)
Physical activity, n (%)
Never, rarely (1–2) 52 (34.0) 30 (39.5) 22 (28.6)
Moderate (3–4) 81 (52.9) 32 (42.1) 49 (63.6)
Often (5) 19 (12.4) 13 (17.1) 6 (7.8)
No answer (6) 1 (0.7) 1 (1.3) 0 (0.0)
Dietary form, n (%)
Omnivore 107 (69.9) 53 (69.7) 54 (70.1)
Vegetarian 36 (23.5) 18 (23.7) 18 (23.4)
Vegan 5 (3.3) 3 (3.9) 2 (2.6)
No answer 5 (3.3) 2 (2.6) 3 (3.9)
Caffeine intake, n (%)
None (<1 cup/day) 26 (17.0) 16 (21.1) 10 (13.0)
Moderate 89 (58.2) 43 (56.6) 46 (59.7)
High 38 (38.0) 17 (22.4) 21 (27.3)
Magnesium-rich diet, n (%)
Almost never 23 (15.0) 13 (17.1) 10 (13.0)
Sometimes 39 (25.5) 22 (28.9) 17 (22.1)
Regularly 53 (34.6) 25 (32.9) 28 (36.4)
Often 38 (24.8) 16 (21.1) 22 (28.6)

Notes: No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups at baseline except for physical activity (p=0.039).

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation.