Table 1.
Summary of Animal Models of Mitochondrial ROS and Rheumatic Diseases Pathogenesis
| Genes/Interventions | Animal Model | Phenotype/Effects | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| TNF-α overexpression | HLA-B27 transgenic rat | Spontaneous inflammatory arthritis, colitis | Taurog et al90 |
| IL-23/IL-17 axis inhibition | Mouse CIA | Reduced synovitis and bone erosion | Sherlock et al91 |
| MRL/lpr mouse model | MRL/lpr mouse | SLE: autoantibodies, glomerulonephritis | Theofilopoulos et al92 |
| BAFF blockade | NZB/W F1 mouse (SLE) | Delayed autoantibody production, improved survival | Stohl et al93 |
| HLA-DR4 transgenic | DR4-Tg mouse | Autoimmune arthritis with citrullinated peptide reactivity | Lundberg et al94 |
| Anti-dsDNA antibody induction | BALB/c mouse (SLE) | Glomerular immune complex deposition | Kaliyaperumal et al95 |
| NOD mouse model | NOD mouse | Sjögren’s syndrome: salivary gland inflammation | Gao et al96 |
| STAT4 knockout | Mouse CIA | Reduced Th1/Th17 differentiation, milder arthritis | Thieu et al97 |
| IL-6 receptor antagonist | Rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) | Suppressed synovial hyperplasia | Mihara et al98 |
| TGF-β1 overexpression | Transgenic mouse | Fibrosis in scleroderma-like skin disease | Krzistetzko et al99 |
| CD4+ T cell depletion | Mouse K/BxN serum transfer | Attenuated joint inflammation | Kouskoff et al100 |
| Rituximab (anti-CD20) | Pristane-induced lupus mouse | Reduced autoantibodies and kidney damage | Satoh et al101 |
| ANKH gene mutation | Progressive ankylosis mouse (ank/ank) | Spontaneous joint calcification (ankylosis) | Ho et al102 |