Table 2.
Summary of Selected Antioxidant Threapies for Rheumatic Diseases
| Therapy | Disease | Model | Summary | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Global Antioxidants | ||||
| Curcumin | RA | Human (Clinical Trial) | Reduced joint swelling and CRP levels; inhibited NF-κB signaling | Chandran et al103 |
| SLE | MRL/lpr mouse | Decreased autoantibodies and renal inflammation | Bruschi et al104 | |
| Resveratrol | RA | CIA mouse | Suppressed synovial inflammation and Th17 differentiation | Elmali et al105 |
| Coenzyme Q10 | Fibromyalgia | Human (Clinical Trial) | Improved pain and fatigue scores | Cordero et al106 |
| Mitochondria-Targeted Therapies | ||||
| Therapy | Disease | Model | Summary | References |
| MitoTEMPO | SLE | NZB/W F1 mouse | Reduced mitochondrial ROS, improved glomerular function | Hawtin et al107 |
| MitoQ | OA | Human chondrocytes | Preserved mitochondrial membrane potential; inhibited IL-1β-induced apoptosis and MMP-13 expression | Collins et al108 |
| Elamipretide | Sjögren’s Syndrome | NOD mouse | Restored mitochondrial function in salivary glands; reduced lymphocytic infiltration and TNF-α levels | Mao et al109 |
| NAC | SLE | Human (Clinical Trial) | Reduced oxidative stress and disease activity | Perl et al110 |
| Tocilizumab (Anti-IL-6R) | RA | Human (Clinical Trial) | Suppressed synovitis and radiographic progression | Gudmann et al111 |
| Baricitinib (JAK inhibitor) | RA | Human (Clinical Trial) | Reduced joint damage and inflammation | Lopez-Romero et al112 |
| Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) | IMQ-induced mouse model | Attenuated skin and joint inflammation; decreased oxidative DNA damage | Choi et al113 |