Table 2.
Population pharmacokinetic parameters for each developed three-compartment model for remimazolam besylate
| Study (year) | V1 (L) | V2 (L) | V3 (L) | CL (L/min) | Q2 (L/min) | Q3 (L/min) | Covariates in model |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schüttler (2020) [30] | 4.39 (RSE 5.9%) | 14.5 (RSE 4.2%) | 15.5 (RSE 6.4%) | 1.14 (RSE 2.5%) | 1.04 (RSE 4.9%) | 0.19 (RSE 7.3%) | Body weight |
| Zhou (2020) [32] | 2.92 (RSE 6.27%) | 9.81 (RSE 3.01%) | 19.1 (RSE 4.49%) |
1.03 in male subjects (RSE 1.56%) 1.14 in female subjects |
1.16 (RSE (5.90%) | 0.38 (RSE 4.54%) | ASA-PS class 3, extracorporeal circulation, sex, time-dependent change |
| Zhou, nonhomogeneously (2021) [33] | 4.83 | 18 (RSE 2.8%) | 18.5 (RSE 5.3%) |
1.18 in male subjects (RSE 2%) 1.30 in female subjects |
1.92 (RSE 6%) | 0.284 (RSE 2.7%) | Body weight, sex, race |
| Masui (2022) [34] |
3.52 in male subjects 3.38 in female subjects |
11.14 in male subjects 10.69 in female subjects |
21.53 in male subjects 21.76 in female subjects |
1.01 in male subjects 1.16 in female subjects |
1.08 in male subjects 1.08 in female subjects |
0.40 in male subjects 0.40 in female subjects |
Adjusted body weight, age, sex, ASA class |
| Vellinga (2024) [38] | 5.36 | 11.7 | 32.7 | 1.25 | 0.74 | 0.39 | None |
| Eleveld (2024) [35] | 4.31 (99% CI 3.98–4.66) | 12.3 (99% CI 11.2–13.5) |
18.6 in male subjects 24.8 in female subjects |
1.1 in male subjects 1.3 in female subjects |
1.45 (99% CI 1.33–1.59) |
0.298 in male subjects (99% CI 0.267–0.332) 0.369 in female subjects |
Body weight, sex, age, concomitant opiates, hepatic function |
Values for a reference individual: a 35-year-old man weighing 70 kg and having a height of 170 cm ASA-PS 1 or 2 and no liver failure, for arterial samples, not receivingconcomitant opiates. CIs are reported as stated in the original article, or RSE when given. No variance is given if the value is fixed. For the Masui (2022) model, no variances are given but instead the reader is referred to the original article, as variances are reported for individual theta values and model parameters are given as a descriptive formulas
ASA-PS American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Score, CI confidence interval, CL clearance, RSE relative standard error