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. 2025 Aug 28;62:101669. doi: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2025.101669

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics.

Baseline characteristics Overall N = 5772 Surgery N = 1411 No surgery N = 4361 p-value
Age (years) 62.0 (12.5) 58.8 (11.9) 63.1 (12.6) <0.0001
Sex
 Male 3685 (63.8%) 936 (66.3%) 2749 (63.0%) 0.0249
 Female 2087 (36.2%) 475 (33.7%) 1612 (37.0%)
Medical history
 Hypertension 3984 (69.0%) 961 (68.1%) 3023 (69.3%) 0.3924
 Previous stroke 883 (15.3%) 167 (11.8%) 716 (16.4%) <0.0001
 Coronary artery disease 157 (2.7%) 43 (3.0%) 114 (2.6%) 0.3843
 Other heart disease 197 (3.4%) 41 (2.9%) 156 (3.6%) 0.2273
 Atrial fibrillation 64 (1.1%) 11 (0.8%) 53 (1.2%) 0.1743
 Diabetes mellitus 535 (9.3%) 131 (9.3%) 404 (9.3%) 0.9818
 Hypercholesterolaemia 118 (2.0%) 26 (1.8%) 92 (2.1%) 0.5373
Current smoker 1169 (20.3%) 319 (22.6%) 850 (19.5%) 0.0113
Current alcohol consumption 1161 (20.1%) 316 (22.4%) 845 (19.4%) 0.0139
Modified Rankin scale score of 0 before onset 4434 (76.8%) 1127 (79.9%) 3307 (75.8%) <0.0001
Medication at arrival
 Antihypertensive medication 2472 (42.8%) 563 (39.9%) 1909 (43.8%) 0.0106
 Blood glucose lowering agents 371 (6.4%) 92 (6.5%) 279 (6.4%) 0.8704
 Statin or other lipid lowering agent 119 (2.1%) 26 (1.8%) 93 (2.1%) 0.5054
 Aspirin or other antiplatelet agent 277 (4.8%) 82 (5.8%) 195 (4.5%) 0.0407
 Anticoagulation agent 43 (0.7%) 6 (0.4%) 37 (0.8%) 0.1081
Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) 173.5 (27.4) 175.6 (29.2) 172.9 (26.7) 0.0269
Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) 98.8 (17.3) 99.6 (18.0) 98.5 (17.1) 0.3415
NIHSS at admission 13.0 (6.0, 22.0) 22.0 (14.0, 32.0) 11.0 (5.0, 18.0) <0.0001
GCS score 12.0 (9.0, 14.0) 9.0 (6.0, 12.0) 13.0 (11.0, 15.0) <0.0001
Randomised group, n (%)
 Intervention 2598 (45.0%) 631 (44.7%) 1967 (45.1%) 0.8009
 Control 3174 (55.0%) 780 (55.3%) 2394 (54.9%)
Brain imaging features
Volume of haematoma at baseline 15.0 (8.0, 30.0) 39.0 (25.0, 50.0) 10.0 (5.7, 20.0) <0.0001
Location of haematoma
 Deep, n (%) 4776 (82.8%) 1168 (82.9%) 3608 (82.8%) 0.9404
 Cortical, n (%) 494 (8.6%) 180 (12.8%) 314 (7.2%) <0.0001
 Cerebellum, n (%) 302 (5.2%) 91 (6.5%) 211 (4.8%) 0.0180
 Brainstem, n (%) 289 (5.0%) 17 (1.2%) 272 (6.2%) <0.0001
Intraventricular haematoma, n (%) 1420 (24.6%) 468 (33.2%) 952 (21.8%) <0.0001

Data are n (%), mean (SD), or median (IQR).

BP, denoted blood pressure; GCS, Glasgow coma scale; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health stroke scale.