Skip to main content
. 2025 Aug 20;26(8):43942. doi: 10.31083/RCM43942

Table 1.

Characteristics and outcomes of participants categorized by HALP score.

Characteristic Overall (n = 818) Q1 (HALP <9.7, n = 205) Q2 (9.7 HALP < 19.71, n = 204) Q3 (19.71 HALP < 34.47, n = 204) Q4 (HALP 34.47, n = 205) p-value
Age (years) 71 (62, 80) 71 (62, 80) 72 (62, 81) 70 (61, 80) 70 (62, 78) 0.449
Gender, n (%) 0.212
Female 314 (38%) 81 (40%) 79 (39%) 87 (43%) 67 (33%)
Male 504 (62%) 124 (60%) 125 (61%) 117 (57%) 138 (67%)
Race, n (%) 0.486
Black 71 (8.7%) 14 (6.8%) 20 (9.8%) 23 (11%) 14 (6.8%)
White 475 (58%) 117 (57%) 116 (57%) 122 (60%) 120 (59%)
Others 272 (33%) 74 (36%) 68 (33%) 59 (29%) 71 (35%)
Heart rate (bpm) 87 (75, 101) 92 (78, 104) 88 (78, 106) 87 (75, 98) 83 (73, 96) 0.002
RR (bpm) 20 (16, 25) 21 (17, 26) 20 (17, 25) 20 (17, 25) 20 (16, 23) 0.008
SBP (mmHg) 118 (104, 137) 120 (104, 138) 115 (103, 134) 120 (104, 138) 120 (105, 138) 0.527
DBP (mmHg) 69 (59, 81) 68 (59, 81) 68 (58, 82) 70 (59, 79) 70 (59, 82) 0.912
SPO2 (%) 97 (94, 100) 97 (94, 100) 97 (93, 99) 97 (94, 99) 98 (95, 100) 0.090
Hemoglobin (g/dL) 10.65 (8.80, 12.70) 9.10 (7.80, 11.00) 10.45 (9.00, 11.85) 11.40 (9.70, 13.55) 11.70 (9.50, 13.50) <0.001
Albumin (g/dL) 3.20 (2.80, 3.60) 2.90 (2.50, 3.30) 3.10 (2.70, 3.50) 3.40 (2.90, 3.70) 3.50 (3.00, 3.80) <0.001
Lymph (109/L) 1.07 (0.65, 1.70) 0.44 (0.29, 0.74) 0.87 (0.69, 1.20) 1.30 (0.98, 1.71) 1.92 (1.53, 2.71) <0.001
Platelet (109/L) 198 (141, 255) 226 (166, 317) 208 (167, 263) 197 (144, 243) 155 (99, 214) <0.001
INR 1.30 (1.10, 1.50) 1.30 (1.20, 1.60) 1.30 (1.20, 1.55) 1.25 (1.10, 1.50) 1.20 (1.10, 1.60) 0.106
PH 7.36 (7.29, 7.42) 7.35 (7.28, 7.41) 7.37 (7.29, 7.42) 7.37 (7.28, 7.42) 7.37 (7.32, 7.42) 0.312
PTT (S) 34 (28, 51) 31 (27, 40) 34 (28, 47) 36 (28, 58) 35 (29, 66) <0.001
WBC (109/L) 13 (9, 17) 12 (9, 17) 13 (10, 17) 13 (9, 17) 12 (9, 18) 0.161
PCO2 (mmHg) 41 (35, 47) 41 (35, 49) 40 (35, 48) 40 (35, 46) 41 (36, 45) 0.768
Cr (mg/dL) 1.30 (0.90, 2.10) 1.60 (1.00, 3.10) 1.40 (0.90, 2.40) 1.30 (0.90, 1.80) 1.10 (0.80, 1.60) <0.001
Potassium (mmol/L) 4.30 (3.90, 4.70) 4.30 (3.90, 4.90) 4.30 (3.90, 4.70) 4.30 (3.90, 4.80) 4.10 (3.80, 4.50) 0.036
Sodium (mmol/L) 138 (136, 141) 138 (134, 141) 138 (136, 141) 139 (136, 141) 139 (136, 141) 0.017
BUN (mg/dL) 26 (16, 46) 36 (20, 59) 29 (18, 46) 24 (16, 42) 20 (14, 36) <0.001
Lactate (mmol/L) 1.90 (1.30, 3.00) 1.90 (1.30, 2.90) 1.80 (1.30, 3.10) 1.95 (1.30, 3.00) 1.90 (1.30, 3.20) 0.712
GLU (mg/dL) 147 (113, 207) 154 (111, 209) 142 (116, 204) 151 (120, 206) 140 (105, 196) 0.449
PO2 (mmHg) 66 (41, 122) 55 (38, 93) 66 (41, 115) 64 (41, 120) 86 (49, 234) <0.001
Anion gap (mmol/L) 15 (13, 18) 16 (13, 19) 15 (13, 18) 15 (13, 18) 15 (12, 17) 0.197
Neuts (109/L) 10 (7, 15) 10 (7, 15) 11 (7, 15) 10 (8, 15) 10 (6, 14) 0.295
AF, n (%) 368 (45%) 103 (50%) 92 (45%) 89 (44%) 84 (41%) 0.287
CA, n (%) 167 (20%) 44 (21%) 45 (22%) 37 (18%) 41 (20%) 0.765
CKD, n (%) 320 (39%) 95 (46%) 93 (46%) 68 (33%) 64 (31%) <0.001
CHF, n (%) 506 (62%) 131 (64%) 135 (66%) 119 (58%) 121 (59%) 0.290
COPD, n (%) 180 (22%) 59 (29%) 43 (21%) 36 (18%) 42 (20%) 0.044
Diabetes, n (%) 360 (44%) 94 (46%) 82 (40%) 89 (44%) 95 (46%) 0.583
Hypertension, n (%) 370 (45%) 100 (49%) 70 (34%) 92 (45%) 108 (53%) 0.001
Sepsis, n (%) 596 (73%) 171 (83%) 156 (76%) 129 (63%) 140 (68%) <0.001
Stroke, n (%) 126 (15%) 27 (13%) 29 (14%) 35 (17%) 35 (17%) 0.588
Aspirin, n (%) 539 (66%) 111 (54%) 129 (63%) 138 (68%) 161 (79%) <0.001
Beta-blockers, n (%) 481 (59%) 122 (60%) 104 (51%) 123 (60%) 132 (64%) 0.046
Clopidogrel, n (%) 156 (19%) 37 (18%) 50 (25%) 37 (18%) 32 (16%) 0.124
Statin, n (%) 540 (66%) 111 (54%) 132 (65%) 143 (70%) 154 (75%) <0.001
CRRT, n (%) 78 (9.5%) 24 (12%) 23 (11%) 14 (6.9%) 17 (8.3%) 0.273
Invasive MV, n (%) 396 (48%) 96 (47%) 101 (50%) 101 (50%) 98 (48%) 0.933
Noninvasive MV, n (%) 21 (2.6%) 5 (2.4%) 10 (4.9%) 4 (2.0%) 2 (1.0%) 0.077
APS-III 48 (35, 65) 55 (42, 69) 50 (38, 61) 43 (32, 58) 43 (32, 63) <0.001
CCI 6 (5, 9) 7 (5, 9) 7 (5, 9) 6 (5, 8) 6 (4, 8) <0.001
GCS 15 (14, 15) 15 (14, 15) 15 (14, 15) 15 (14, 15) 15 (14, 15) 0.253
SAPS-II 41 (31, 52) 44 (34, 54) 42 (34, 50) 39 (29, 50) 40 (31, 52) 0.004
SOFA 6 (3, 10) 7 (4, 10) 6 (4, 9) 5 (3, 10) 7 (3, 10) 0.229
90 days mortality, n (%) 250 (31%) 75 (37%) 70 (34%) 53 (26%) 52 (25%) 0.024
365 days mortality, n (%) 330 (40%) 99 (48%) 87 (43%) 75 (37%) 69 (34%) 0.013

HALP, Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte, and Platelet; RR, respiratory rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SPO2, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation; Hb, hemoglobin; INR, international normalized ratio; PH, potential of hydrogen; PTT, partial thromboplastin time; WBC, white blood cell count; PCO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide; Cr, creatinine; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; GLU, glucose; PO2, partial pressure of oxygen; AF, atrial fibrillation; CA, cancer; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; MV, mechanical ventilation; APS-III, acute physiology score III; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; GCS, Glasgow coma scale; SAPS-II, simplified acute physiology score II; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment.