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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Sep 9.
Published in final edited form as: Transp Res Interdiscip Perspect. 2024;25:101109. doi: 10.1016/j.trip.2024.101109

Table 2.

Participant demographic characteristics as of the March 2021 launch of the earlier RCT. The present study launched July 2022, so mean age at time of participation was more than 1 year older.

Age (mean (SD)) 33.2 (6.9)
Sex (%)
 Female 37 (64.9)
 Male 20 (35.1)
Marital status (%)
 Married 13 (22.8)
 Single 44 (77.2)
Race (%)
 White or Caucasian 40 (70.2)
 Black or African American 13 (22.8)
 American Indian or Alaska Native 1 (1.8)
 Asian or Asian American 3 (5.3)
 Undisclosed 1 (1.8)
Hispanic ethnicity (%) 4 (7.0)
Education completed (%)
 High school degree or equivalent 6 (10.5)
 Some college 13 (22.8)
 College degree 22 (38.6)
 Some graduate 2 (3.5)
 Post-graduate degree 14 (24.6)
Years of licensure (%)
 0 to 4 2 (3.5)
 5 to 9 16 (28.1)
 10 to 14 15 (26.3)
 15 or more 24 (42.1)
Crashes in prior 5 years (%)
 0 36 (63.2)
 1 16 (28.1)
 2 3 (5.3)
 3 or more 2 (3.5)