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. 2025 Aug 26;6:1636746. doi: 10.3389/fdmed.2025.1636746

Table 2.

Simple effects comparisons of the kinematic and angle of file access.

Angle of entry Time to fracture (seconds) (Mean ± SD) f-value p-value
Continuous rotation Reciprocation
548.98 ± 6.19 719.15 ± 5.80 7,007.22 <0.001*
30° 211.80 ± 5.72 346.45 ± 7.78 4,386.99 <0.001*
f-value 27,508.38 33,610.35
p-value <0.001* <0.001*
*

Significant (p < 0.05).