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. 2025 Sep 8;16:8240. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-63345-x

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© The Author(s) 2025

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Fig. 3 — Trends between (a) J₀ and V_OC/V_OC^SQ and b J₀ and ideality factor showing that the recombination parameter J₀ is four to six orders of magnitude higher for the recently reported high PCE CZTSSe devices. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.