. 2025 Aug 26;13:1616298. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1616298

Table 2.

Age- and gender-specific differences in height (cm), weight (kg), BMI, or handgrip strength (kg) based on ANOVA.

Age	Gender	Height (cm)		Weight (kg)		BMI		HGS (kg)
Age	Gender	Median (IQR)	ANOVA (Gender)	Median (IQR)	ANOVA (Gender)	Median (IQR)	ANOVA (Gender)	Median (IQR)	ANOVA (Gender)
12	Boys (n = 291)	149.00 (14.00)	F = 5.410 p = <0.05 η² = 0.009	35.55 (13.00)	F = 2.413 p = 0.121 η² = 0.004	16.44 (2.70)	F = 8.477 p = <0.001 η² = 0.014	21.80 (17.80)	F = 151.396 p = <0.001 η² = 0.205
12	Girls (n = 299)	153.00 (14.00)	F = 5.410 p = <0.05 η² = 0.009	35.50 (11.00)	F = 2.413 p = 0.121 η² = 0.004	15.62 (4.20)	F = 8.477 p = <0.001 η² = 0.014	13.60 (6.10)	F = 151.396 p = <0.001 η² = 0.205
13	Boys (n = 295)	159.00 (15.00)	F = 0.086 p = 0.769 η² = 0.000	43.00 (12.80)	F = 48.359 p = <0.001 η² = 0.076	16.75 (2.50)	F = 63.505 p = <0.001. η² = 0.097	27.60 (11.90)	F = 332.480 p = <0.001 η² = 0.360
13	Girls (n = 298)	158.00 (14.00)	F = 0.086 p = 0.769 η² = 0.000	38.00 (9.00)	F = 48.359 p = <0.001 η² = 0.076	15.23 (3.56)	F = 63.505 p = <0.001. η² = 0.097	15.10 (6.20)	F = 332.480 p = <0.001 η² = 0.360
14	Boys (n = 298)	165.00 (11.00)	F = 12.965 p = <0.001 η² = 0.021	48.00 (9.63)	F = 69.462 p = <0.001 η² = 0.105	17.63 (2.48)	F = 43.291 p = <0.001 η² = 0.068	30.80 (15.20)	F = 347.175 p = <0.001 η² = 0.370
14	Girls (n = 295)	162.00 (8.00)	F = 12.965 p = <0.001 η² = 0.021	40.00 (8.75)	F = 69.462 p = <0.001 η² = 0.105	15.62 (2.83)	F = 43.291 p = <0.001 η² = 0.068	16.80 (7.70)	F = 347.175 p = <0.001 η² = 0.370
15	Boys (n = 298)	165.00 (9.00)	F = 31.106 p = <0.001 η² = 0.021	44.83 (7.25)	F = 13.101 p = <0.001 η² = 0.022	16.22 (2.13)	F = 0.097 p = 0.755 η² = 0.000	30.85 (9.10)	F = 315.635 p = <0.001 η² = 0.346
15	Girls (n = 300)	162.00 (10.00)	F = 31.106 p = <0.001 η² = 0.021	43.50 (9.00)	F = 13.101 p = <0.001 η² = 0.022	16.36 (3.43)	F = 0.097 p = 0.755 η² = 0.000	19.10 (8.10)	F = 315.635 p = <0.001 η² = 0.346
16	Boys (n = 295)	167.00 (12.00)	F = 65.136 p = <0.001 η² = 0.099	49.00 (10.00)	F = 118.825 p = <0.001 η² = 0.167	17.60 (3.75)	F = 46.905 p = <0.001 η² = 0.073	36.10 (13.60)	F = 373.587 p = <0.001 η² = 0.387
16	Girls (n = 300)	162.00 (8.00)	F = 65.136 p = <0.001 η² = 0.099	44.00 (8.00)	F = 118.825 p = <0.001 η² = 0.167	16.53 (3.02)	F = 46.905 p = <0.001 η² = 0.073	20.60 (8.50)	F = 373.587 p = <0.001 η² = 0.387
Total	Age × Gender	164.61 ± 7.96	F = 14.14 p = <0.001 η² = 0.019	47.36 ± 7.99	F = 11.63 p = <0.001 η² = 0.015	17.44 ± 2.34	F = 8.85 p = <0.001 η² = 0.012	29.99 ± 15.64	F = 21.55 p = <0.001 η² = 0.028

The data was presented as median ± Interquartile Range. N: numbers. HGS (kg): Handgrip Strength (kilograms). F and p values reflect the results of one-way ANOVA comparing boys and girls within each age group. Partial eta squared (η²) represents the effect size for gender.